View clinical trials related to Pulmonary Disease.
Filter by:Pulmonary diseases are common among patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and associated with a significantly increased morbidity, mortality, and lower self-reported health related quality of life. The investigators aim to diagnose and categorise SLE patients in regards of pulmonary disease and introduce alternative diagnostic tools. The investigators will perform a cross-sectional study of a population-based study population of SLE patients. The participants will undergo review of medical record, a clinical assessment, body plethysmography, six-minute walk test, high-resolution computed tomography of the thorax (HRCT), thoracic and diaphragmatic ultrasound, blood sampling with analysis of autoantibodies, and three questionnaires. After the investigations, pulmonary diseases among the participants will be diagnosed at a multidisciplinary discussion by a specialised pulmonologist with contribution from a rheumatologist and a radiologist. The investigators believe that the study will increase the understanding of pulmonary diseases among SLE patients, which could improve overall disease management. The investigators will introduce new alternative diagnostic tools, that could ease diagnosing pulmonary disease among SLE.
Vapendavir (VPV) is potent virostatic antiviral agent active against all known enterovirus species. VPV binds to the viral capsid, thereby inhibiting viral attachment to the target cell and, independently, preventing release of viral RNA (ribonucleic acid) into the cell. Alt VPV-101 is meant to investigate vapendavir in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who develop a rhinoviral infection. This is a Phase 1, open-label, unblinded study. The primary objective of this study is to characterize single and multiple dose (plus a loading dose) plasma PK profiles of VPV in healthy participants (Group A) and participants with COPD (Group B). Group A is an open-label, 2-sequence, and up to a 3-period, cross-over study to assess the single-dose PK parameters and safety of VPV. Healthy participants may opt to participate in only the first 2 periods, all 3 periods or BID dosing, but it is preferred that participants complete all 3 periods. Group B is an open-label, multi-dose investigation of VPV PK parameters and safety in participants with COPD. Post-dose, follow up will continue for a minimum of 14 days and a maximum of 30 days, depending on which Group the participant is in and which periods said participant completes. There is a target for up to 24 adult participants comprised of healthy participants and participants with COPD.
Respiratory physiology involves a complex interplay of elements including control of breathing, respiratory drive, pulmonary mechanics, distribution of ventilation and gas exchange. Body position may also play an important role in respiratory mechanics. While effective methods exist for measuring these variables, they are typically measured in isolation rather than in combination. In pulmonary disease, decreasing mechanical stress and strain and optimizing transpulmonary pressure or the distending pressure across the lung, minimizing overdistention and collapse are central to clinical management. Obesity has a significant impact on pulmonary mechanics and is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, our understanding of these elements is limited even in the general population. The investigators plan to use various validated methods to assess control of breathing, respiratory drive, distribution of ventilation and gas exchange to obtain a better understanding of underlying physiologic signatures in patients with and without obesity and the role of posture/position, with a secondary analysis comparing participants with and without obstructive sleep apnea.
Respiratory failure occurs when the lung fails to perform one or both of its roles in gas exchange; oxygenation and/or ventilation. Presentations of respiratory failure can be mild requiring supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula to more severe requiring invasive mechanical ventilation as see in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).It is important to provide supportive care through noninvasive respiratory support devices but also to minimize risk associated with those supportive devices such as ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) and/or patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI). Central to risk minimization is decreasing mechanical stress and strain and optimizing transpulmonary pressure or the distending pressure across the lung, minimizing overdistention and collapse. Patient positioning impacts ventilation/perfusion and transpulmonary pressure. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an emerging technology that offers a noninvasive, real-time, radiation free method to assess distribution of ventilation at the bedside. The investigators plan to obtain observational data regarding distribution of ventilation during routine standard of care in the ICU, with special emphasis on postural changes and effects of neuromuscular blockade, to provide insight into ventilation/perfusion matching, lung mechanics in respiratory failure, other pulmonary pathological processes.
Pulmonary embolism impacts over 1 in 1000 adults annually and is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death after heart attack and stroke. The consequence of each PE is widely variable. Physiologically, the morbidity and mortality of PE is ultimately caused by failure of the right ventricle. The acute rise in pulmonary vascular resistance caused by a PE can overwhelm the right ventricle, resulting in a drop in cardiac output and death from failure of the heart to provide vital perfusion. Despite the importance of stroke volume and cardiac output in the current understanding of PE mortality, they are notably absent from risk stratification scores because they historically could only be measured invasively. Novel non-invasive methods of estimating stroke volume and associated cardiac output have the potential to revolutionize PE risk stratification and care. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitors can even measure stroke volume beat to beat, allowing for continuous evaluation of cardiac function. NIBP systems are typically composed of a finger cuff with an inflatable bladder, pressure sensors, and light sensors. An arterial pulse contour is formed using the volume clamp method of blood pressure measurement combined with calibration and brachial pressure reconstruction algorithms. The stroke volume with each heart beat can be estimated as the area under the systolic portion of the blood pressure curve divided by the afterload. NIBP monitors may improve clinical care of PE because they allow for assessment of dynamic cardiac changes in real time. Detection of worsening stroke volume in acute PE could inform providers of impending cardiac collapse, and improvement of stroke volume may function as a positive prognostic factor or marker of therapeutic success. Use of NIBP monitors during acute PE to identify clinically significant changes in cardiac function may advance both PE prognostication and management. Our clinical study proposes to monitor hemodynamic parameters including stroke volume in patients with acute pulmonary embolism using non-invasive blood pressure monitors. The relationship between hemodynamic parameters and PE outcomes will be assessed, as well as the changes in hemodynamic parameters with PE intervention. To our knowledge, interval monitoring of stroke volume during acute PE with NIBP monitors has never been reported before.
The main goal of the study is to provide a unique multidimensional picture of the health of the population with simultaneous optimal standards of sampling, processing and storing of data and biomaterial that will allow discovering novel mechanisms in the development and progression of common civilization diseases. In the effect it will improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment.