View clinical trials related to Pregnant Women.
Filter by:The primary objective of this study is to determine the performance characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) of the Verinata Health Test to detect fetal Trisomy 21 (T21) compared to karyotype results obtained by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Secondary objectives are to assess performance of the test to detect male gender (XY) and other less common aneuploidies (Trisomy 13 (T13), Trisomy 18 (T18), and Turner Syndrome (45, X)) compared to clinical fetal karyotype.
The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between function of cytomegalovirus -specific T cells and the probability for intrauterine transmission.
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a frequent disorder characterized by some combination of repeated events of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, disruption of normal ventilation, hypoxemia, and sleep fragmentation. When untreated, SDB is associated with serious cardiovascular and neurobehavioral morbidities. Many physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy may compromise the respiratory system and place women at risk for developing SDB. Indeed, snoring has been reported in up to 46% of pregnant women. Preliminary evidence suggests that SDB is associated with the hypertensive conditions of pregnancy and that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are mechanisms important in the development of both conditions. Moreover, early reports in animals and in humans suggest that maternal SDB may affect the developing fetus and that the intermittent hypoxia and increased sympathetic activity induced by SDB could potentially contribute to adverse maternal-fetal outcome. However, previous reports have focused on crude and non specific measures of fetal outcome such as birth weight and APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) score and currently there is no data on the mechanisms underlying the adverse effect of maternal SDB on the fetus and the newborn infant. Hypothesis: SDB during pregnancy imposes a risk to the developing fetus and the newborn infant through mechanisms mediated by maternal hypoxia. Objectives: 1. To prospectively investigate the incidence and severity of SDB during pregnancy using an objective tool, i.e., overnight polysomnography (PSG) or at-home sleep study using portable device in a large cohort of pregnant women. 2. To examine the effect of maternal SDB on fetal and neonatal outcome. Methods: 300 women in the third trimester of a singleton uncomplicated pregnancy, who attend a low risk obstetric surveillance will be recruited. Hundred women hospitalized at the Antenatal department due to pregnancy related hypertensive disorder, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), diabetes mellitus or premature labor will also be recruited. In addition, 200 women of a singleton uncomplicated pregnancy will be recruited during labor at the delivery room. All participants will be asked to complete a designated sleep questionnaire. Based on the questionnaires, women in the third trimester will undergo a sleep study. Medical records review will be conducted after delivery and will include information of maternal blood pressure, labor duration, route of delivery, infant birth weight and APGAR score. Placentas will be collected immediately after delivery from all women. Cord blood will be obtained immediately after delivery and will be analyzed. Post-natal neurobehavioral evaluation will be conducted. Data analysis will be performed on 4 population subgroups: (1) Sleep study proven SDB, (2) Sleep study proven non-SDB, (3) SDB per questionnaire, (4) non-SDB per questionnaire. Comparisons of fetal outcome measures according to group assignment will be performed. In addition, the association between the severity of SDB based on sleep studies (degree of hypoxemia, degree of sleep fragmentation, amount of respiratory events) and outcome measures will be performed.
Most of the neonatal deaths that occur worldwide every year are associated with low birth weight (LBW), caused by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and/or preterm delivery. Accurate assessment of fetal growth and gestational age for timely identification and management of growth restriction are therefore public health priorities, especially in developing countries where 98% of all neonatal deaths occur. Every year, more than 50 million women become pregnant in malaria endemic regions. Malaria infection at any time during pregnancy reduces birthweight. However, little is known about the relationship between the timing of infection during pregnancy and the extent of the impact on birth weight. The mechanisms by which malaria causes LBW also remain unclear. Reduced placental blood flow, placental changes, red blood cell changes, severe anaemia and pro-inflammatory cytokines have all been implicated. In this proposed, longitudinal, observational, minimal risk study, which will take place in SMRU antenatal clinics on the Thai-Burmese border, the effect of malaria infection during pregnancy on fetal growth will be determined. Women will be screened before 13+6 weeks of gestation and followed with regular ultrasound examinations during pregnancy. When a woman has a malaria infection an extra ultrasound scan will be done to measure growth retardation or placental blood flow changes. Bloodsamples will be taken to detect changes in red blood cell properties and putative markers of malaria infection. For this study the maximum amount of blood taken during pregnancy is 13 cc in an uninfected woman. For each malaria episode an additional 7 cc blood will be taken. After delivery a placenta and a cord sample will be taken to detect placental changes. The investigators aim to recruit four hundred pregnant women over the course of two years. This study involves minimal risk to participants as ultrasound examination is part of routine antenatal care in many countries in the world.
Umbilical cords contain immature blood cells, including a group of lymphocytes, that are important in the so-called natural immunity. We want to study the cytokine levels in umbilical cord NK cells and its regulation a family of newly identified small RNAs (microRNAs).
Preterm birth occurs in 25% of women with insulin requiring diabetes in pregnancy. The administration of corticosteroid therapy to accelerate fetal lung maturation is indicated in women at risk for preterm birth. The purpose of this study is to compare the timing, duration and severity of maternal hyperglycemia after corticosteroid administration in women with insulin-requiring diabetes compared to those without diabetes in pregnancy. This is a prospective, observational study. Hourly glucose levels will be obtained for a total of 7 days after corticosteroid administration using the Dexcom Seven continuous glucose monitoring system. In addition, hemoglobin A1C will be obtained to assess the overall level of glycemic control of the participant prior to the corticosteroid therapy.
The purpose of this study is to find out if antiretroviral drugs are safe and well tolerated by HIV-positive pregnant women and their infants in South Africa and Zambia.
The purpose of this study is to assess whether immunization against pertussis in the mid third trimester of pregnancy provides passive protection to the infant by transfer of IgG transplacentally and by transfer of secretory IgA (and possibly IgG) in breast milk, sufficient to protect the infant against pertussis disease in the critical neonatal period, without suppressing the infant's immune response to active immunization and disease
This is a longitudinal, multi-site observational study of the long-term effects of a mother's use of cocaine and/or opiates during pregnancy on her infant. This observational study evaluates the medical, developmental, social, environmental, and neurobehavioral outcomes for 1,400 of the original cohort of children. A series of follow-up examinations of these children were conducted in 5 phases: 1-36 months, 3.5-7 years, and 8-11 years. Children are currently being examined at 13 years of age.