View clinical trials related to Pregnancy.
Filter by:The prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity has nearly doubled in the United States since 1976. In 2004-2005, 42% of pregnant women had body mass index (BMI) above 25 versus 23% in 1993. Most American women are overweight/ obese (OW/OB) at conception, especially within certain racial, ethnic, and lower socioeconomic groups leading to increased adverse maternal and birth outcomes. This study will recruit, randomize and test in 300 ethnically diverse OW/OB pregnant women a behavioral intervention aimed at controlling gestational weight gain (GWG) through recommended diet, activity and lifestyle changes that are to be maintained postpartum. Outcomes include anthropometric (height, weight, percent body fat) metabolic (blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipids and C-reactive protein) and behavioral measures (diet. physical activity, sleep and stress). In addition, babies will be measured for length, weight and percent body fat. The goal is to limit excessive gestational weight gain through improved maternal lifestyle that can be maintained and modelled for the family post partum and beyond.
The intraocular pressure in the human bulbus requires that the "wall" of the eye shows a certain (bio)mechanical strength. The human cornea represents the anterior portion of this wall. Since several years, there is a growing interest in the ophthalmological community for identifying factors modulating the biomechanical stability of the human cornea. Reasons are twofold: advances in keratoconus research and the increasing numbers of refractive laser surgery procedures with (correspondingly) increasing numbers of complications due to non-respecting the limits of corneal biomechanics. There is evidence that oestrogen, but also thyroïd hormone changes have a major impact on corneal biomechanics. A number of recent observational studies have reported on keratoconus and refractive laser surgery patients with decompensating biomechanics during pregnancy. Both hormones also show physiological changes during pregnancy and little is known about the impact of these physiological changes on the human cornea. The aim of this study is to establish baseline values for physiological changes in the human cornea during pregnancy.
The long-term objectives of this research are to develop effective treatments to reduce unplanned pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) for a highly under-served at-risk youth population.
The aim of the present study is to prospectively evaluate whether performing an intra-uterine insemination 24 hours after the spontaneous LH peak may result in significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rates compared to 48 hours.
The purpose of this study is to compare adherence to antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and postpartum, and to record adherence barriers and facilitators.
The aim of this study is to measure the effects of bupivacaine administered via epidural catheters on indices of motor blockade ascertained during the second stage of labor. This is a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial designed to address the primary research question: Does bupivacaine lengthen the second stage of labor? The secondary research question is: Is there other evidence of motor blockade attributable to bupivacaine during the second stage of labor? The investigators know from prior studies that the length of the second stage in nulliparous women delivered at Parkland Hospital without epidural analgesia is 28 minutes. The investigators hypothesize in this now proposed study that epidural analgesia with bupivacaine will significantly increase this baseline from 28 minutes to 37 minutes or more (a 33% increase) thus implicating motor blockade. Baseline data for the Bromage and Breen scores during the second stage as well as the uterine contractility data are not available as these indices of motor blockade have not here-to-fore been studied in this context. Currently at Parkland Hospital, 82% of nulliparous women undergoing induction of labor at term receive continuous epidural infusions with bupivacaine during the first and second stages of labor. Such women will be identified when admitted for scheduled inductions at Parkland. After informed consent is obtained standard management of labor induction will be provided. Those consented women reaching 8 cm cervical dilation will be randomized. Group I will receive bupivacaine plus fentanyl via epidural catheter during the second stage (i.e. 10 cm dilation) and Group II will receive only fentanyl infusion via epidural catheter (see study procedure below). Both the patient and the caregiver will be blinded as to whether the patient is in the bupivacaine plus fentanyl arm or the fentanyl only arm. To detect a 33% increase (from 28 minutes to 37 minutes) in the primary outcome the investigators need a total of 310 women enrolled in the study (or 155 per arm). Assuming a 30% consent rate and given that approximately 1000 women meet the inclusion criteria each year at Parkland, the investigators project that this study could be completed in 12 months.
The investigators hypothesize that home based HIV counseling and testing can increase male partner uptake of HIV testing during pregnancy. The investigators study aims through a randomized clinical trial to determine whether a home-based model (HBM) versus a partner-friendly clinic model (PFM) can increase male uptake of HIV counseling and testing during pregnancy.
This randomized, controlled trial is proposed to study the effect, in a cohort of racially and ethnically diverse group of overweight and obese pregnant women, of an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) which utilize cognitive behavioral strategies to help participants achieve and maintain changes in dietary intake and physical activity habits compared to Usual Care (UC) on gestational weight gain (GWG), infant fatness, and mothers' post-delivery weight retention. The hypothesis is that the percent body fat at birth will be significantly less in offspring from ILI mothers than UC mothers.
In pregnancy, the adoption or pursuit of a sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, maternal and childhood obesity, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, cesarean section and delivery of large-for-gestational-age infants (LGA). The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that obese, pregnant women following a supervised moderate intensity physical conditioning program during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy will maintain a higher level of physical activity up to the end of pregnancy, as compared to women in the control group. We will also conduct a pilot study on the feasibility to examine the effects of the intervention on maternal fitness and neonatal anthropometry.
To elucidate the natural course of chronic hepatitis B by serial HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels during pregnancy