View clinical trials related to Poisoning.
Filter by:Context: Approximately 100 million people throughout the world consume water contaminated with arsenic at levels above carcinogenic thresholds, including 40 million in Bangladesh alone, with up to one-fourth of deaths attributed to arsenic exposure in the worst-affected regions. There are no proven therapies for treating chronic arsenic toxicity or for preventing arsenical cancers. Selenium has been known to counter arsenic toxicity in a variety of animal models. The investigators have recently shown in animals and humans that this effect is mediated by the formation of [(GS)2AsSe]- , the seleno-bis(S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion, which is then rapidly excreted via the hepatobiliary system. Concurrently, two Phase II studies in China and Bangladesh have suggested clinical benefit to selenium supplementation in arsenicosis patients. Objective: To assess whether daily selenium supplementation counters arsenic toxicity in patients exposed to drinking water arsenic. If proven effective, selenium supplementation might be safely and cost-effectively implemented in the worst-affected localities.
This study has the objective to demonstrate the effectiveness of Alacramyn NAMO in the treatment of North Africa and Middle East scorpions envenomation by reducing the severity of envenomation. The primary endpoint is make a comparison between antivenom and placebo groups, at 4 hours after study drug, of the number of cases showing improvement in class of envenomation.
Paracetamol overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the Western World. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been the antidote of choice for over 30 years but its use is associated with adverse effects in 40% of cases. Patients characteristically experience nausea, vomiting and an anaphylactoid ('pseudo-allergic') syndrome. This reaction is clinically similar to true anaphylaxis (allergic reaction) including flushing, rash, constriction of airways, and a fall in blood pressure, but occurs via a different mechanism. Although treatable, these reactions lead to patient distress, commonly cause confusion among treating physicians, and lead to significant delays in antidote administration. The aetiology of these adverse reactions to NAC remains unclear. We hypothesise: i) these reactions result from a dose-dependent release of the chemical histamine, causing dilatation of blood vessels (vasodilatation) and the anaphylactoid syndrome; ii) paracetamol conversely exerts a protective effect on the reaction, with a less severe reaction observed in the presence of higher paracetamol concentrations. We will investigate the mechanisms underlying adverse reactions to NAC in the human forearm model, examining the role of histamine and other markers involved in the inflammatory process. The wider significance is an improved understanding of this poorly delineated phenomenon, with implications for other medications associated with similar reactions, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids such as morphine.
The clinical outcome of tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients may be influenced by the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes involving in tamoxifen biotransformation.
A major global public health priority is to identify effective methods for preventing deaths from pesticide self-poisoning. The aim of this work is to determine whether the provision of lockable storage containers to poor households in rural Asia can reduce the incidence of intentional pesticide self-poisoning. Secondary questions include the effect of these containers on unintentional pesticide poisoning in children and overall self-harm.
Carbon monoxide poisoning still places a burden on the healthcare system worldwide. While oxygen therapy is the cornerstone treatment, the role and practical modalities of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) remain controversial. This study aimed at comparing one session of HBO at 2 absolute atmosphere followed by 4 hours of normobaric oxygen therapy to 6 hours of normobaric oxygen therapy in adult victims of acute domestic carbon monoxide poisoning and without coma.
Carbon monoxide poisoning still places a burden on the healthcare system worldwide. While oxygen therapy is the cornerstone treatment, the role and practical modalities of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) remain controversial. This study aimed at comparing two sessions of HBO at 2 absolute atmosphere and one session of HBO at 2 absolute atmosphere followed by 4 hours of normobaric oxygen therapy in comatose adult victims of acute domestic carbon monoxide poisoning.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is common. Many adults with CO poisoning have long-term, even permanent brain injury following poisoning. However, very little is known about the long-term outcome of children with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. In this study we plan to perform cognitive (thinking) and vestibular (balance) testing in children (ages 6 to 16)at 6 weeks and 6 months following CO poisoning. At the 6-week visit, if the child and parents agree, we will ask each child to provide a DNA sample by one of three methods: mouthwash, spit collection, or swabbing the inside of the child's cheek. Each child's DNA will be analyzed for genes that are known to affect outcome following brain injury.
Saturnism, or lead poisoning, is defined by clinical symptoms (affecting primarily the nervous, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, renal and reproductive systems) compatible with exposure, in the short or long term, to lead or to its compounds, and can manifest as acute or chronic symptoms, pursuant to the intensity and duration of the signs and symptoms. Measuring serum concentration is the primary method for diagnosing and accompanying exposed workers. Presently, elevated lead counts are reversed by using drugs whose effectiveness is contested on various fronts. Experimental studies shows the efficacy of homeopathic preparations in controlling blood lead levels in laboratory animals, creating the need for controlled studies that evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these preparations in humans.The objective of this study was evaluate the effectiveness of the homeopathic preparation Plumbum metallicum in reducing the blood lead level of workers exposed to this metal.
Retrospective observational review of severe envenomation treatment with CroFab