View clinical trials related to Pneumonia, Aspiration.
Filter by:Respiratory failure in term newborns is associated with increased rates of death and long-term neurodevelopmental problems. This large international multicenter trial randomized newborns who had failed to respond to intensive care, including high levels of ventilator support, to receive either inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) or 100 percent oxygen to test whether iNO would decrease their risk of dying or requiring temporary lung bypass. Infants were followed during their initial hospitalization; their outcome was assessed at 18 to 24 mos of age.
This prospective, randomized controlled trial tested whether initiating iNO therapy earlier would reduce death and reduce the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) -- temporary lung bypass -- therapy compared with the standard recommendation threshold. Infants who were born at >34 weeks' gestation were enrolled when they required assisted ventilation and had an oxygenation index (OI) >15 and <25 on any 2 measurements in a 12-hour interval. Infants were randomized to receive either early iNO or to simulated initiation of iNO (control). Infants who had an increase in OI to 25 or more were given iNO as standard therapy. The neurodevelopment of the subjects were evaluated at 18-22 months corrected age.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether chin-down posture or use of a thickened liquid diet is more effective in the prevention of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia in patients with Parkinson's disease and/or dementia. Liquid aspiration is the most common type of aspiration in older populations, especially those suffering from debilitation, dementia, and depression. Pneumonia may develop as a consequence of aspiration and is the fifth leading cause of death in the US among persons age 65 years and over. Current treatment involves either use of chin-down position with swallowing or use of thickened liquids in the diet, without any clear evidence supporting the use of one treatment over the other. This is a Phase III inpatient and/or outpatient study in which all participants will be randomly assigned to either the chin-down position or the thickened liquid treatment group based on swallowing function during a modified barium swallow. This study is scheduled to recruit patients for a three-year period; participation by each individual patient spans no more than three months after entry.