Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Primary |
Falls |
The incidence of falls for 3 months after completing treadmill training. Falls will also be assessed at multiple stages during the 7.5-month study period, to understand the duration of benefit of this intervention. This data will be obtained from the falls calendar that will be provided to subjects upon their recruitment to the study. |
3 months after completion of treadmill training |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Cadence (steps per minute) |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Stride time (time elapsed between the first contact of two consecutive footsteps of the same foot in milliseconds) |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Duration of stance (time during which the foot is in contact with the ground) o |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Swing (swing phase of gait begins when the foot first leaves the ground and ends when the same foot touches the ground again) |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Double limb support phase (he subperiod during which both feet are in contact with the ground) |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Step length, calculated by multiplying the 'step time' and 'belt speed' |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Step width height (the mediolateral space between the two feet) |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Kinemetics of joint excursion (expression as degree of range of motion) |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Foot angle (the angle made by the long axis of the foot from the heel to 2nd metatarsal and the line of progression of gait) |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Ratio of single support time/ double support time, which reflects dynamic stability |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Symmetry ratio (best leg step length/worst step) |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Coefficients of variation (which measures the variability of the temporal parameters of the swing phase duration and gait cycle time, and is represented by the (SD/mean) x100 |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Gait parameters between intervention and control groups |
Sequence effect (progressive reduction in step length), measured by a linear regression slope determined by plotting consecutive stride time intervals against stride number |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Health-related quality of life |
Measured by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 item self-report questionnaire (PDQ-39), scored out of 100 where a higher score reflects greater impact on quality of life |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Balance and postural stability |
Measured by the Activities-specific Balance and Confidence (ABC) scale, possible range = 0 to 1600, Scores lower than 50 indicate a low level of functioning, scores above 50 but below 80 indicate a medium level, and those over 80 indicate a high level of functioning. |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Freezing of gait |
Measured by the new freezing of gait questionnaire (NFOGQ).The total score ranges from 0 to 24, and higher scores denote more severe FOG. |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Parkinson's disease signs and symptoms |
Assessed by the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The maximum total UPDRS score is 199, indicating the worst possible disability from PD |
Obtained at baseline evaluation, after 1.5 months of training, and 3-months post intervention |
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