Pain Clinical Trial
— AIPLAOfficial title:
Combining Animal-assisted Intervention and Placebo-induced Analgesia: The Dog as Treatment in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Verified date | December 2020 |
Source | University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Interventional |
An increased interest of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) can be observed within clinical practice, even though it is still not entirely clear how the presence of an animal contributes to the outcome of a treatment. One theory maintains that the mere presence of an animal influences the therapeutic alliance between therapist and client. However, results from a recent study suggest that a relationship between patient and health-provider alone is not sufficient to influence treatment outcomes, but that a therapeutic rationale is needed and that verbal instructions and suggestions are highly important in shaping participants' treatment expectations. To investigate this theory, this study will combine AAI with a placebo intervention, as placebo interventions offer the basic form of intervention working through relationship and expectancy. The effects of the presence of a dog will be assessed with a standardized experimental heat pain paradigm (TSA-II) in a randomized controlled trial in healthy participants (N=128). After a baseline measurements of heat pain threshold and tolerance, participants will be randomly assigned to one of the following four conditions: a) placebo intervention , no dog present, b) placebo intervention, dog present, c) no placebo intervention, no dog present and d) no placebo intervention, dog present. The dog will be introduced after randomization. Expectancy will be induced by telling participants that the contact to an animal increases the oxytocin level, which has an non inflammatory effect. The placebo intervention will be a deceptive cream which is said to helps against pain. Afterwards, posttreatment measurements will be conducted and participants fill in questionnaires about their perceptions of the experimenter.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 128 |
Est. completion date | November 30, 2020 |
Est. primary completion date | November 30, 2020 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years to 65 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Age = 18 years - Right-handedness Exclusion Criteria: - Being scared of dogs by self-report - dog hair allergy by self-report - Any acute or chronic disease (chronic pain, hypertension, heart disease, renal disease, liver disease, diabetes) as well as skin pathologies, neuropathies or nerve entrapment symptoms, sensory abnormalities affecting the tactile or thermal modality - Pregnancy - Current medications (psychoactive medication, narcotics, intake of analgesics) or being currently in psychological or psychiatric treatment - Insufficient German language skills to understand the instructions - Previous participation in studies using pain assessment with Peltier Devices - Current or regular drug consumption (THC, cocaine, heroin, etc.) |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Switzerland | Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel | Basel |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland | Dr. phil. Karin Hediger, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland |
Switzerland,
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* Note: There are 31 references in all — Click here to view all references
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Posttreatment objective heat pain tolerance | Heat stimuli will be administered to the right volar forearm using a 30x 30-mm Peltier device (Medoc, Ramatishai, Israel; TSA-II) placed at 2/3 of the distance from wrist to elbow. Pain tolerance will be determined by the method of limits: Participants will be asked to stop the increasing heat stimulus at the moment they cannot stand the heat any longer. Three measurements will start at 32 °C, with a rise of 0.5 °C/s. Heat tolerance will be defined as the average of the three measurements. | 10 minutes | |
Primary | Corresponding subjective ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness of pain tolerance | Subjective ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness will be measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS): Following each pain stimuli with the TSA-II participants have to respond on a VAS how intense and unpleasant the pain is. The range of the scale is from 1-10 (1= not intense/unpleasant at all; 10= the most intense/unpleasant pain). | 5 minutes | |
Secondary | Posttreatment objective heat threshold | Heat pain threshold will be determined by the methods of limits. Temperature will be increased from the baseline (32°C) at a rate of 0.5°C /s. Participants are instructed to press the button to determine the turning point from perceiving warmth to the perception of pain. When the pain threshold has been reached, the device will resume from its baseline (32 °C) with a rise of 0.5 °C/s. This procedure will be repeated three times. Pain threshold will be defined as the average of the three measurements. | 10 minutes | |
Secondary | Corresponding subjective ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness of pain threshold. | Subjective ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness will be measured with a visual analogue scale. ): Following each pain stimuli with the TSA-II participants have to respond on a VAS how intense and unpleasant the pain is. The range of the scale is from 1-10 (1= not intense/unpleasant at all; 10= the most intense/unpleasant pain). | 5 minutes | |
Secondary | Pain expectancy and relief | The Expectancy of Relief Scale assesses how intensive and unpleasantness participants expect the pain to be after the treatment phase. The expectancy ratings are made on the same VAS (ranging from 1 to 10, (1= not intense/unpleasant at all; 10= the most intense/unpleasant pain) as those for pain intensity and pain unpleasantness. | 2 minutes | |
Secondary | Participants perception of the study conductor assessed by questionnaire | Participants perception of the study conductor will be assessed with the Counselor Rating Form (CRF) Short questionnaire. The CRF-S assesses participant's perception of the study conductor and if their perception changes in the presence of absence of a dog. The CRF-S is a brief 12-items questionnaire that has been developed to measure people's perception of a therapist on total three subscales: trustworthiness, expertness and attractiveness (Corrigan and Schmidt, 1983). The questionnaire contains item such as "honest", "likeable", "trustworthy", "friendly" on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not very) to 7 (very). This questionnaire will be used after baseline heat pain measurements and a second time after posttreatment heat pain measurements. | 10 minutes | |
Secondary | Attitude towards dogs assessed by questionnaire | Attitude towards dogs will be assessed with the questionnaire on the attitude towards dogs (AAPL). This questionnaire was designed for this study. This questionnaire assesses if participants like dogs and animals. This study developed this questionnaire for this study. | 2 minutes | |
Secondary | Kontextmodellfragebogen (KMF)/context model questionnaire | The KMF assesses the perception of participants of the study conductor and the credibility and expectation of the intervention. Participants fill out this questionnaire after the treatment phase. | 5 minutes |
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