EXPAREL for Minimally Invasive Supracervical Hysterectomies

Pain Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Placebo-controlled, Double-blinded, Randomized Pilot Study of Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension (EXPAREL) for Minimally Invasive Supracervical Hysterectomies Postsurgical Analgesia

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03769714
• Other study ID #: 2018-02-12-MMC
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 4
• Start date: October 1, 2018
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: January 2024
• Source: Maimonides Medical Center
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The aim of the of the study is a reduction in minimally invasive supracervical hysterectomy postsurgical pain, which may result in less need for supplemental opioid pain medications, fewer opioid related adverse events, and a better recovery experience for patients, which may offer an economic benefit to health care systems.

Intracervical preoperative dose of Exparel during minimally invasive (robotic--assisted or traditional laparoscopy) supracervical hysterectomy reduces cumulative pain scores for up to 24 hours and reduces overall requests for break through (additional) analgesia with opioid consumption compared with placebo.

Description:

Exparel is a local analgesic that utilizes bupivacaine in combination with the proven product delivery platform, DepoFoam®. Exparel (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) is a liposome injection of bupivacaine, an amide-type local anesthetic, indicated (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) for administration into the surgical site to produce postsurgical analgesia. Liposomal drug- containing formulations can provide for controlled drug release over an extended period of time.

The overall length of hospital stay (LOS) for patients undergoing laparoscopic (robot- assisted or traditional laparoscopy) supracervical hysterectomy varies widely in published reports; typical durations range between 0 days and 4 days.

That is because in recent years there has been a trend toward use of enhanced or "fast- track" discharge protocols to reduce LOS in patients undergoing this procedure, predicated primarily on reducing the time to achieve tolerance of oral liquid/food intake and improved GI function. Most patients experience moderate to extreme pain after surgery and effective postsurgical pain management is a key factor affecting patient recovery. Multimodal analgesia techniques involving analgesics, such as local anesthetics, oral or parenteral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, and oral or parenteral opioids, are recommended as the safest and effective approach to postsurgical pain control. Local anesthetics administered during surgery are frequently used as part of multimodal analgesic regimens; however, the duration of analgesia with these agents is short (12 hours). Bupivacaine has a long history of use in the surgical setting, and the efficacy of bupivacaine HCl administered perioperatively via wound infiltration or acute postsurgical pain is well established. A novel formulation of bupivacaine, ie, liposome bupivacaine (Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parsippany, NJ), has been developed to address the need for longer-acting local anesthetics that can be administered as a single dose. The question becomes whether this drug is effective for postsurgical analgesia if given preoperatively via the intracervical stroma during minimally invasive gynecologic surgical procedures, specifically laparoscopic (robot--assisted or traditional laparoscopy) supracervical hysterectomy.

Paracervical/intracervical injections are used for cervical/uterine manipulation in various obstetrical and gynecological procedures. Lukas et al used the intracervical/paracervical block prior to hysteroscopic polypectomy, with good pain scores following the procedure and no serious adverse effects were noted. In addition, Chauan et al also noted good pain control with intracervical injection with lidocaine in patients undergoing a hysterosalpingography, which involves distended the uterus and injecting dye. Mankowshi et al also studied both intracervical and paracervical injections of lidocaine for first trimester suction curettage and found no difference between the two forms ensuring that both effective means of analgesia.

In the U.S., surgical site infections (SSI) affect 1 in 24 patients that undergo inpatient surgery. Most surgical site infection take place after day 5 , which will be out of the scope of timeframe for conduct of the survey. However a SSI can make the differentiation of pain from the surgery itself and pain from a complication of surgery difficulty to differentiate. The patient will be asked to specify where the pain is and ask if they have any associated vaginal discharge, foul smelling odor, and difficulty urinating and or passing a bowel movement. These responses will be tracked, and if the participant shows signs of a SSI, the patients may warrant a closer followup in the office and or asked to go directly to the Emergency Department (ED). The patients will still be included in the study but special note will be made of how many participant had SSI in the discussion portion.

Methods:

Randomized double blind placebo controlled pilot study. After IRB approval, 52 subjects will be consented to participate in the study. The study includes subjects undergoing minimally invasive (robot--assisted or traditional laparoscopy) supracervical hysterectomy under general anesthesia. This study will include women (35 - 75 years) who have American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) physical classification status for a minimally invasive (robotic- assisted or traditional laparoscopy)supracervical hysterectomy.

Randomization will be done prior to recruitment of patient via computer software. There will be two groups with numbers 1-52, no numbers will be repeated. Each patient that is recruited will be assigned a number from 1-52 (in sequential order); the master list will be kept with the pharmacy director. Group A (control, n=26) to receive 20ml of saline while Group B (study, n=26) to receive 20ml of liposomal bupivacaine (EXPAREL) into the stroma of the cervix at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions (innervation insertion points of the cervix).

The MMC Pharmacy will prepare an individualized numbered bubble wrapped amber package accordingly to the randomization. It will be prepared prior to the recruitment and kept in the fridge in 4th floor PACU pharmacy. After the patient is consented and given a subject number, the package with the corresponding number will be picked up from the pharmacy and given to either the resident/attending (not involved in the study) who will share the contents of the package with the anesthesia team. While prepping, the same individual will inject the contents. The syringe will covered as to disguise the contents of the syringe.

The investigators will show a short video on how to prepare the Exparel as well the injection component in order to diminish the differences between the individuals.

Measurements:

The severity of pain will be assessed preoperatively in the holding area, PACU arrival, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively using a numeric rating scale (NRS) at rest for pain with 0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain. Pain inquiries will assess low pelvic/suprapubic area and lower abdominal pain, type of pain (dull, achy, sharp, stabbing, etc.) and radiation of pain to a surrounding area. Other endpoints will include number of patients who required break through (additional) opioid analgesic medications, median time to first break through opioid use, total opioid analgesic requirement. The time, day and number of requests for break through (additional) analgesia will be noted by gynecologic surgery team (Resident or Fellow) participating in this study.

When the patient is home the patient will have a Pain Medication Diary that the investigators will provide for the patient prior to discharge. The patient will bring at the post-operative visit and or mail it in.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 35 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 35--75 years of age at the Screening Visit.

2. Female subjects only.

3. Scheduled to undergo minimally invasive (robotic-assisted or laparoscopic) supracervical hysterectomy, under general anesthesia.

4. Clinical laboratory values less than twice the upper limit of normal or, if abnormal, deemed not clinically significant per the Investigator.

5. Ability to provide informed consent, adhere to the study visit schedule and complete all study assessments and language specific questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Currently pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant.

2. Use of any of the following medications within the times specified before surgery: a. opioid, SSRI, tricyclic antidepressant, gabapentin, pregabalin within three days of surgery. b. Use of acetaminophen within 24 hours of surgery.

3. Concurrent painful physical condition or concurrent surgery that may require analgesic treatment (such as NSAID, opioid, SSRI, tricyclic antidepressant, gabapentin, pregabalin) in the postoperative period for pain that is not strictly related to the minimally invasive supracervical hysterectomy procedure and may confound the postoperative assessments (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, chronic neuropathic pain.

4. Chronic user of analgesic medications, including taking opioid medications for more than 14 days in the last 3 months, or non-opioid pain medications more than 5 times per week.

5. Current use of systemic glucocorticosteroids (e.g. Decadron) or use of glucocorticoids within one month of enrollment into this study.

6. History of hepatitis (other than hepatitis A).

7. History of, suspected, or known addiction to or abuse of illicit drug(s), prescription medicine(s), or alcohol within the past 2 years.

8. Failure of presurgical drug and alcohol screen.

9. History of hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reactions to amide-type local anesthetics, opioids, or propofol.

10. Administration of an investigational drug within 30 days prior to study drug administration, or planned administration of another investigational product or procedure during the subject's participation in this study.

12. Uncontrolled anxiety, schizophrenia, or other psychiatric disorder that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may interfere with study assessments or compliance. 13. Significant medical conditions or laboratory results that, in the opinion of the Investigator indicate an increased vulnerability to study drug and procedures, and expose subjects to an unreasonable risk as a result of participating in this clinical trial. 14. Any clinically significant event or condition uncovered during the surgery (e.g., excessive bleeding, acute sepsis) that might render the subject medically unstable or complicate the subject's postoperative course. 15. An incision length greater than 3 cm.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Pain

Intervention

Drug:
• Saline Solution for Injection
Injection of 20mL of 0.9%Normal Saline
• Exparel
Exparel (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) is a liposome injection of bupivacaine, an amide-type local anesthetic, indicated (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) for administration into the surgical site to produce postsurgical analgesia.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Maimonides Medical Center	Brooklyn	New York

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Maimonides Medical Center

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (6)

Chudnoff S, Einstein M, Levie M. Paracervical block efficacy in office hysteroscopic sterilization: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Jan;115(1):26-34. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c51ace. — View Citation

Gorfine SR, Onel E, Patou G, Krivokapic ZV. Bupivacaine extended-release liposome injection for prolonged postsurgical analgesia in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. — View Citation

Lukes AS, Roy KH, Presthus JB, Diamond MP, Berman JM, Konsker KA. Randomized comparative trial of cervical block protocols for pain management during hysteroscopic removal of polyps and myomas. Int J Womens Health. 2015 Oct 13;7:833-9. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S — View Citation

Portillo J, Kamar N, Melibary S, Quevedo E, Bergese S. Safety of liposome extended-release bupivacaine for postoperative pain control. Front Pharmacol. 2014 Apr 30;5:90. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00090. eCollection 2014. — View Citation

Smoot JD, Bergese SD, Onel E, Williams HT, Hedden W. The efficacy and safety of DepoFoam bupivacaine in patients undergoing bilateral, cosmetic, submuscular augmentation mammaplasty: a randomized, double-blind, active-control study. Aesthet Surg J. 2012 J — View Citation

White PF. Multimodal analgesia: its role in preventing postoperative pain. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Jan;9(1):76-82. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Pain at 12 Hours	Participant will be shown a card that has a visual analogue (Faces) pains scale combined with numerical (0-10) analogue scale (0 is no pain, 10 is the worst pain imaginable).at 12 hours postoperatively	12 hours after surgery
Primary	Pain at 48 Hours	Participant will be shown a card that has a visual analogue (Faces) pains scale combined with numerical (0-10) analogue scale (0 is no pain, 10 is the worst pain imaginable).at 48 hours postoperatively	48 hours after surgey