View clinical trials related to Overnutrition.
Filter by:Approximately one half of adults and one-fifth of children have obesity, including 14% of 2-5-year-olds. Early obesity prevention is essential as children who are overweight by age 5 are at increased risk for later obesity. Dietary intake is inextricably linked to weight status, and the majority of young children fail to meet intake recommendations, with socioeconomically disadvantaged and racial/ethnic minority children at increased risk of poor diet quality. However, children's liking of healthier foods predicts their intake, and children can learn to like healthier foods via experience. The current study brings together evidence from the parenting and learning literatures to: 1) examine effects of a novel learning strategy leveraging positive parent-child interactions on 3-5-year-old children's vegetable acceptance and dietary intake, as well as to explore 2) individual differences in learning strategy effects.
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that providers screen children aged 6 years and older for obesity and offer or refer them to a comprehensive behavioral intervention (≥26 hours over a period of up to 12 months) to promote improvement in weight status. Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) is an effective treatment that targets both child and parents and meets the USPSTF recommendations. By contrast, the American Medical Association (AMA) recommends a staged approach to childhood obesity screening and counseling, which begins with prevention counseling by the primary care provider (PCP) and includes assessment of weight status, patient/family motivation and readiness to change, promotion of healthy eating and activity habits, and use of health behavior change strategies. Our study compares a staged approach enhanced standard of care (eSOC) vs. eSOC + FBT, to provide families and PCPs with information on the best intervention approach for the behavioral treatment of childhood obesity. Our project seeks to fill the gap in the evidence on family-based weight management in primary care settings among diverse and underserved populations with a special focus on Black children, families insured by Medicaid, and sex differences.
Today the majority of pregnant women in the United States are either overweight or obese at conception with their offspring having greater adiposity at birth, a 2-fold greater risk of later obesity, and neonatal insulin resistance. It was long thought that breast milk composition was fairly uniform among women, having been optimized through evolutionary time to provide adequate sole nutrition for the growing infant regardless of the environmental circumstances. However, recent evidence shows that breast milk is a highly complex fluid with significant inter-individual variation in hormonal and cytokine concentrations. Pervasive maternal obesity is an evolutionarily novel condition for the human species but little effort has yet been made to systematically examine how this novel condition is associated with breast milk adipose-tissue derived hormone and cytokine (adipocytokine) variation, or whether that variation relates to infant metabolic status. The objective of this study is to comprehensively assess the "lactational programming" hypothesis, that is, whether or not recently documented variation in breast-milk composition is related to both maternal adiposity and to infant metabolic status. The central hypothesis is that a graded, dose-response relationship between maternal adiposity and adipocytokine concentrations in breast milk exists and that milk adipocytokine concentrations are associated with altered body composition in their exclusively breast-fed offspring. The results of the study will be used to design interventions to reduce maternal weight during pregnancy and lactation and to augment lactation education materials to focus on the needs of obese breast-feeding women.