| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age >= 18 years.
- HCC diagnosis confirmed by histology/cytology or clinically by American Association
for Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) criteria in cirrhotic patients.
- Measurable disease as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)
version (v)1.1
- Locally advanced, metastatic, or unresectable disease.
- Child Pugh class A.
- Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage B (not amenable to liver directed therapy)
or stage C.
- Prior treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination with radiographic
progression that necessitates change in treatment per treating physician. Patients
with rapid progression on atezolizumab and bevacizumab (defined as patients who
progressed radiographically in the first restaging scan that necessitates change in
treatment) are excluded.
- Washout period >= 4 weeks prior to registration is required since last atezolizumab
and bevacizumab dose.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0 or 1. (Form is
available on the Academic and Community Cancer Research United [ACCRU] website).
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm ^ 3 (obtained =< 28 days prior to
registration).
- Platelet count >= 60,000/mm^3 (obtained =< 28 days prior to registration).
- Hemoglobin >= 8.5 g/dL (obtained =< 28 days prior to registration).
- Total bilirubin =< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained =< 28 days prior to
registration).
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) =< 5 x ULN (obtained
=< 28 days prior to registration).
- International normalized ratio (INR) =< 2.3 or Prothrombin time (PT) =< 6 seconds
above control OR if patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy and INR is within
target range of therapy creatinine =< 1.5x ULN (obtained =< 28 days prior to
registration).
- Negative pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration, for women of
childbearing potential only.
- Note: If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum
pregnancy test will be required.
- Provide informed written consent =< 28 days prior to registration.
- Willing to return to enrolling institution for follow-up (during the active monitoring
phase of the study).
- Note: During the active monitoring phase of a study (i.e., active treatment),
participants must be willing to return to the consenting institution for
follow-up.
- Willing to provide mandatory tissue specimens and blood specimens for correlative
research purposes.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any of the following because this study involves an investigational agent whose
genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on the developing fetus and newborn are
unknown
- Pregnant persons
- Nursing persons
- Persons of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate
contraception.
- Major surgery =< 4 weeks prior to registration.
- Liver directed therapy (transarterial chemoembolization [TACE], Y-90, liver directed
radiation) =< 28 days prior to registration. Prior liver directed therapy > 28 days
prior to registration is allowed as long as patient has at least one measurable
untreated lesion by RECIST v1.1.
- Patients with rapid progression on atezolizumab and bevacizumab (who progressed
radiographically in the first restaging scan that necessitates change in treatment)
are excluded.
- Prior treatment =< 4 weeks prior to registration with anti-CTLA-4 antibody for HCC.
- Comorbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment
of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or
interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the
prescribed regimens.
- Immunocompromised patients and patients known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
positive and currently receiving antiretroviral therapy.
- Note: Patients known to be HIV positive, but without clinical evidence of an
immunocompromised state, are eligible for this trial.
- Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to:
- Ongoing or active infection excluding hepatitis C virus (HCV)
- Symptomatic congestive heart failure
- Unstable angina pectoris
- Unstable cardiac arrhythmia
- Psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study
requirements.
- Active infection including tuberculosis (clinical evaluation that includes
clinical history, physical examination and radiographic findings, and
tuberculosis [TB] testing in line with local practice), hepatitis B (known
positive hepatitis B virus [HBV] surface antigen [HBsAg] result). Patients with a
past or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core
antibody [anti-HBc] and absence of HBsAg) are eligible. Patients with chronic HBV
infection as evidenced by detectable HBV surface antigen or HBV deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) are eligible if on antiviral therapy and have HBV DNA < 100 IU/mL.
Patients with active or resolved hepatitis C (HCV) infection as evidenced by
detectable HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) or antibody are eligible.
- Receiving any other investigational agent which would be considered as a treatment for
the primary neoplasm =< 4 weeks prior to registration.
- Other active malignancy =< 2 years prior to registration. Exceptions: Non-melanotic
skin cancer or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix.
- History of myocardial infarction =< 6 months, or congestive heart failure requiring
use of ongoing maintenance therapy for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
- History of allogenic organ transplantation.
- Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders (including
inflammatory bowel disease [e.g., colitis or Crohn's disease], diverticulitis [with
the exception of diverticulosis], systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis syndrome,
or Wegener syndrome [granulomatosis with polyangiitis, graves' disease, rheumatoid
arthritis, hypophysitis, uveitis, etc]). The following are exceptions to this
criterion:
- Patients with vitiligo or alopecia
- Patients with hypothyroidism (e.g., following Hashimoto syndrome) stable on
hormone replacement
- Any chronic skin condition that does not require systemic therapy
- Patients without active disease in the last 5 years may be included but only
after consultation with the study physician
- Patients with celiac disease controlled by diet alone
- History of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
- Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs or any of the study drug
excipients.
- Current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication =< 14 days prior to registration.
The following are exceptions to this criterion:
- Intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids, or local steroid injections (e.g., intra
articular injection)
- Systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses not to exceed 10 mg/day of
prednisone or its equivalent
- Steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., computed
tomography [CT] scan premedication).
- Receipt of live attenuated vaccine =< 30 days prior to registration; Note: Patients,
if enrolled, should not receive live vaccine whilst on study treatment and up to 30
days after the last dose of study treatment.
- Any unresolved toxicity National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria
for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 grade >= 2 from previous anticancer therapy with the
exception of alopecia, vitiligo, and the laboratory values defined in the inclusion
criteria.
- History of grade 3 or 4 immunotherapy related toxicity NCI CTCAE v5.0 due to prior
regimen attributed to atezolizumab.
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