Trial Evaluating Postop Pain and Muscle Strength Among Regional Anesthesia Techniques for Ambulatory ACL Reconstruction

Rupture of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Clinical Trial

Official title:

Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Postoperative Analgesia and Muscle Strength Between Single Versus Continuous Adductor Canal Block for Ambulatory ACL Reconstruction.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02584452
• Other study ID #: 151095
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: November 3, 2015
• Est. completion date: April 10, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: November 2019
• Source: Vanderbilt University Medical Center
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Despite the apparent multifaceted benefit in differentiating blockade sites and duration of nerve blockade, the efficacy of continuous adductor canal blockade utilized specifically in ACL reconstruction has not been extensively studied. This study will test the hypothesis that the use of the adductor canal continuous nerve catheter will result in lower subjective pain scores on postoperative day 2 and improved quadriceps strength on postoperative day 1.

Description:

Study participants will be randomized to 2 groups: (1) continuous adductor canal nerve catheter or (2) long-acting single bolus adductor canal nerve block.

Following random selection via random envelope selection patients will receive the following procedures. Both groups will receive ultrasound guided femoral nerve block with 20cc of 2% mepivacaine <20 minutes prior to in room time.

Intraoperative care will consist of general anesthesia under the care of the attending anesthesiologist assigned to the patient. Induction will include a propofol bolus and placement of laryngeal mask airway. Intraoperative opioid should be limited to no more than 150mcg of fentanyl. Upon completion of wound closure, appropriate dressing placement, emergence from anesthesia and removal of LMA, patients to be taken to PACU. Once adequately awake and alert, Group 1 patients 1 will receive ultrasound guided adductor canal continuous nerve catheter using normal saline as bolus for placement, followed by initiation of 1/8% bupivacaine infusion through catheter at 8cc/h. Group 2 will receive ultrasound guided adductor canal nerve block with 10cc of 0.5% ropivacaine + 2mg dexamethasone (0. 5cc), keeping total injectate at 10.5cc to spare significant proximal spread to femoral nerve14. After adequate instruction including catheter education (if applicable) patients are to be discharged home.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 59
• Est. completion date: April 10, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: March 1, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 14 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 14 and older

• Patients who are scheduled to undergo an ACL reconstruction with patella or allograft

• Patient does not have a contraindication to receiving regional anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Allergy to local anesthetics, dexamethasone, or adhesive tape

• Patients undergoing hamstring graft for ACL

• Preexisting infection at site of needle insertion

• Immunocompromised patients

• Preexisting sensory or motor deficit in operative extremity

• Patient on chronic opioid treatment.

• Patient having a revision of previous ACL reconstruction.

• Pregnancy and lactating women

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Rupture
• Rupture of Anterior Cruciate Ligament
• Tear of Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Intervention

Drug:
• Mepivacaine
20cc of 2% mepivacaine <20 minutes prior to in room time.

Procedure:
• adductor canal continuous nerve catheter
Placement of ultrasound guided adductor canal continuous nerve catheter

Drug:
• Normal Saline as bolus followed by bupivacaine
normal saline as bolus for placement, followed by initiation of 1/8% bupivacaine infusion through adductor canal catheter at 8cc/h

Procedure:
• adductor canal nerve block
ultrasound guided adductor canal nerve block

Drug:
• ropivacaine and dexamethasone
10cc of 0.5% ropivacaine + 2 mg dexamethasone (0. 5cc), keeping total injectate at 10.5cc to spare significant proximal spread to femoral nerve
• Propofol
Anesthesia induction will include a propofol bolus.
• Fentanyl
Intraoperative opioid should be limited to no more than 150mcg of fentanyl.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Vanderbilt University Medical Center	Nashville	Tennessee

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (15)

Andersen HL, Andersen SL, Tranum-Jensen J. The spread of injectate during saphenous nerve block at the adductor canal: a cadaver study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015 Feb;59(2):238-45. doi: 10.1111/aas.12451. Epub 2014 Dec 14. — View Citation

Chisholm MF, Bang H, Maalouf DB, Marcello D, Lotano MA, Marx RG, Liguori GA, Zayas VM, Gordon MA, Jacobs J, YaDeau JT. Postoperative Analgesia with Saphenous Block Appears Equivalent to Femoral Nerve Block in ACL Reconstruction. HSS J. 2014 Oct;10(3):245-51. doi: 10.1007/s11420-014-9392-x. Epub 2014 Jun 7. — View Citation

Espelund M, Fomsgaard JS, Haraszuk J, Dahl JB, Mathiesen O. The efficacy of adductor canal blockade after minor arthroscopic knee surgery--a randomised controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 Mar;58(3):273-80. doi: 10.1111/aas.12224. Epub 2013 Nov 8. — View Citation

Espelund M, Fomsgaard JS, Haraszuk J, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided adductor canal blockade after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2013 Jul;30(7):422-8. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328360bdb9. — View Citation

Espelund M, Grevstad U, Jaeger P, Hölmich P, Kjeldsen L, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. Adductor canal blockade for moderate to severe pain after arthroscopic knee surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 Nov;58(10):1220-7. doi: 10.1111/aas.12407. — View Citation

Ilfeld BM, Duke KB, Donohue MC. The association between lower extremity continuous peripheral nerve blocks and patient falls after knee and hip arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2010 Dec;111(6):1552-4. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181fb9507. Epub 2010 Oct 1. — View Citation

Jaeger P, Nielsen ZJ, Henningsen MH, Hilsted KL, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block and quadriceps strength: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2013 Feb;118(2):409-15. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318279fa0b. — View Citation

Jæger P, Zaric D, Fomsgaard JS, Hilsted KL, Bjerregaard J, Gyrn J, Mathiesen O, Larsen TK, Dahl JB. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Nov-Dec;38(6):526-32. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000015. — View Citation

Jenstrup MT, Jæger P, Lund J, Fomsgaard JS, Bache S, Mathiesen O, Larsen TK, Dahl JB. Effects of adductor-canal-blockade on pain and ambulation after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Mar;56(3):357-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02621.x. Epub 2012 Jan 4. — View Citation

Johnson RL, Kopp SL, Hebl JR, Erwin PJ, Mantilla CB. Falls and major orthopaedic surgery with peripheral nerve blockade: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Apr;110(4):518-28. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet013. Epub 2013 Feb 24. Review. — View Citation

Lewek M, Rudolph K, Axe M, Snyder-Mackler L. The effect of insufficient quadriceps strength on gait after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2002 Jan;17(1):56-63. — View Citation

Lund J, Jenstrup MT, Jaeger P, Sørensen AM, Dahl JB. Continuous adductor-canal-blockade for adjuvant post-operative analgesia after major knee surgery: preliminary results. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011 Jan;55(1):14-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02333.x. Epub 2010 Oct 29. — View Citation

Mizner RL, Petterson SC, Snyder-Mackler L. Quadriceps strength and the time course of functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005 Jul;35(7):424-36. — View Citation

Mudumbai SC, Kim TE, Howard SK, Workman JJ, Giori N, Woolson S, Ganaway T, King R, Mariano ER. Continuous adductor canal blocks are superior to continuous femoral nerve blocks in promoting early ambulation after TKA. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 May;472(5):1377-83. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3197-y. — View Citation

Mulroy MF, Larkin KL, Batra MS, Hodgson PS, Owens BD. Femoral nerve block with 0.25% or 0.5% bupivacaine improves postoperative analgesia following outpatient arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001 Jan-Feb;26(1):24-9. — View Citation

* Note: There are 15 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Subjective Postoperative Pain Scores After Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postop Saphenous Nerve Block at 48 Hours After Discharge From PACU.	Subjective subjective postoperative pain scores at POD 2 of preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative continuous adductor canal nerve catheter compared to preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative saphenous nerve block at 48 hours after discharge from PACU using Subjective Numeric Pain Scale score (on an 11 point scale when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain).	Post Operative Day 2
Primary	Quadriceps Strength of on POD 1 of Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block at 48 Hours After Discharge From PACU	Quadriceps strength on POD 1 of preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative continuous adductor canal nerve catheter compared to preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative saphenous nerve block using Straight Leg Raise Tests, 0-5/5 scale, and knee extension, 0-5/5 scale. On both scales (straight leg raise test and knee extension) 0 indicates the minimum value (low muscle contraction/no movement) and 5 indicates the maximum (normal muscle contraction /pt holds position against pressure).	Post Operative Day 1
Secondary	Subjective Pain Scores on POD 1 of Patients Receiving (1) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to (2) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block	Subjective pain scores on POD 1 of patients receiving (1) preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative continuous adductor canal nerve catheter compared to (2) preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative saphenous nerve block using Subjective Numeric Pain Scale score (on an 11 point scale when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain).	Post Operative Day 1
Secondary	Total Postop Opioid Consumption of Patients Receiving (1) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to (2) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block.	Total postop opioid consumption measured by total pain pills on POD 2 and 3 of patients receiving (1) preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative continuous adductor canal nerve catheter compared to (2) preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative saphenous nerve block.	Post Operative Day 2 and 3
Secondary	Quadriceps Strength on POD Week 6- Pts Receiving (1) Long-acting Single Bolus Adductor Canal Nerve Block Comparied to (2) Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter.	Quadriceps strength on POD week 6- pts receiving (1) long-acting single bolus adductor canal nerve block comparied to (2) continuous adductor canal nerve catheter using Straight Leg Raise Tests, 0-5/5 scale, and knee extension, 0-5/5 scale. On both scales (straight leg raise test and knee extension) 0 indicates the minimum value (low muscle contraction/no movement) and 5 indicates the maximum (normal muscle contraction /pt holds position against pressure).	Post Operative Week 6
Secondary	Physical Therapy Participation With a Subjective Assessment of Participant Ability to Participate in PT (Full, Partial, None)		Post Operative Day 1
Secondary	Subjective Postoperative Pain Score at Post Operative Week 6 of Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block	Subjective postoperative pain score at post operative week 6 of preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative continuous adductor canal nerve catheter compared to preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative saphenous nerve block using Subjective Numeric Pain Scale score with and without activity (on an 11 point scale when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain).	Post Operative Week 6
Secondary	Evaluation of Ambulation at Post Operative Week 6 Assessing Independently vs Assistance, With or Without Pain		Post Operative Week 6
Secondary	Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting	Postoperative nausea and vomiting score on POD 1 following discharge from PACU	POD 1 following discharge from PACU
Secondary	Subjective Assessment of Experience With Analgesia	Subjective assessment of experience with analgesia at post operative week 6 using rating of below expectations; met expectations; exceeded expectations	Post Operative Week 6
Secondary	Subjective Pain Scores on POD 3 of Patients Receiving (1) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to (2) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block	Subjective pain scores on POD 3 of patients receiving (1) preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative continuous adductor canal nerve catheter compared to (2) preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative saphenous nerve block using Subjective Numeric Pain Scale score (on an 11 point scale when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain).	Post Operative Day 3
Secondary	Total Postop Opioid Consumption of Patients Receiving (1) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to (2) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block.	Total postop opioid consumption measured by total pain pills on POD 1 of patients receiving (1) preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative continuous adductor canal nerve catheter compared to (2) preoperative femoral nerve block plus postoperative saphenous nerve block.	Post Operative Day1