Obesity Clinical Trial
— DIPOfficial title:
Experimental Approach to Test Predictions of Body Weight Regulation Models
The regulation of human body weight and fatness is not fully understood. Although some models of regulation have been proposed (set point, dual-intervention point, others), no studies have been designed to test their predictions. In this pilot and feasibility study, the investigators will implement an experimental approach to test the predictions of models of body weight regulation in humans. Men and women with either underweight or obesity will be exposed to a 2-day fasting followed by a 2-day ad-libitum refeeding. During the entire fasting-refeeding period, energy intake and expenditure will be accurately measured within metabolic chambers. The investigators will therefore determine the compensatory responses to fasting elicited to prevent weight loss. The results will serve to design and power future studies to better understand body weight regulation.
Status | Not yet recruiting |
Enrollment | 12 |
Est. completion date | June 2025 |
Est. primary completion date | February 2025 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 20 Years to 40 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Body mass index lower than 18.5 kg/m2 for the underweight group, or 30 kg/m2 or greater for the obesity group - 20-40 years old - Nulliparous and regular menstrual cycle (25-35 days) during the last six months (in women) - Normal thyroid function, blood count, and chemistry 15 panel (normal plasma glucose will be considered at <100 mg/dL; normal serum HDL cholesterol at =50 mg/dL for women and =40 mg/dL for men; and normal serum triglycerides at <150 mg/dL). - Self-reported weight stability during the last six months (±3 kg) - Rate the liking of at least one of the flavored liquid meals (Ensure Plus, Abbot Nutrition) between 5 and 8 on a 9-point Likert scale - Willing to only drink up to two assigned flavors of Ensure Plus for two consecutive days Exclusion Criteria: - Eating disorders as indicated by a global score =2.80 in the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, or a previous diagnosis of an eating disorder - For the underweight group, having food insecurity (with or without hunger) as assessed by the USDA - Recreational moderate-intensity physical activity =150 min/week, recreational vigorous-intensity physical activity =75 min/week, or a combination of recreational moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity (moderate time + [2 × vigorous time]) =150 min/week as assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, or being a professional athlete - Cigarette or vape smoking - Intake of more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week - Use of medications that may affect energy intake and/or expenditure, for example, semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, other GLP-1 receptor agonists, phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion, orlistat, metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, pramlintide, levocarnitine, amphetamines, and amphetamine-like drugs - Human immunodeficiency virus, galactosemia, and lactose intolerance. - Diseases that affect energy homeostasis including endocrine such as hypo/hyperthyroidism, or type 1 or 2 diabetes; cancer; chronic pulmonary diseases; cardiovascular disease; and renal disease - History of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's), malabsorption syndromes (intestinal, pancreatic), and sprue or gluten intolerance - Having moderate to severe sleep apnea defined as an oxygen desaturation index >10 times/hour assessed by overnight oximetry to be conducted on the night following the screening visit - Use of oral hormonal contraceptives or less than 6 months using a hormonal intrauterine device (in women) - Adults who are unable to consent - Prisoners - Currently pregnant or breastfeeding (in women) |
Country | Name | City | State |
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n/a |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Pennington Biomedical Research Center | Tulane University |
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Compensatory response | Cumulative energy balance during the fasting-refeeding cycle | The cumulative energy balance is calculated one time using the data of 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Timing of the compensatory response | Cumulative energy balance during different time periods of the 5-day fasting-refeeding cycle | The cumulative energy balance calculated for the following time periods along the 5-day fasting-refeeding cycle: day 1 to 2, day 1 to 3, day 1 to 4, during fasting (day 2 to 3), and during refeeding (day 4 to 5) | |
Secondary | Protein balance | Protein balance (intake minus oxidation) during the fasting-refeeding cycle | Protein balance is calculated one time using the data of 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Carbohydrate balance | Carbohydrate balance (intake minus oxidation) during the fasting-refeeding cycle | Carbohydrate balance is calculated one time using the data of 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Lipid balance | Lipid balance (intake minus oxidation) during the fasting-refeeding cycle | Lipid balance is calculated one time using the data of 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Overall appetite | Calculated from the results of visual analog scales that record hunger, satiety, fullness, and prospective food consumption | Overall appetite is measured 8 times per day (every 2 hours from approximately 8:00 AM) during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Food preference | Measured using the Food Preference Questionnaire | Measured once a day, in the fasting state (at approximately 8:00 AM), during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Physical activity | Measured with wrist-worn accelerometers | Measured continuously (i.e. for 24 hours) every day during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Sleeping metabolic rate | Measured within the metabolic chamber, between 2:00 and 5:00 AM, and extrapolated to 24 hours | Measured every day during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Leptin | Circulating concentrations of leptin | Measured once a day, in the fasting state (at approximately 8:00 AM), during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Appetite-regulating hormones | Circulating concentrations of ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin, insulin | Measured once a day, in the fasting state (at approximately 8:00 AM), during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Metabolites | Circulating concentrations of glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies | Measured once a day, in the fasting state (at approximately 8:00 AM), during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Gonadotrophic axis | Circulating concentrations of FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone | Measured once a day, in the fasting state (at approximately 8:00 AM), during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Thyroid axis | Circulating concentrations of TSH, T3, free T3, reverse T3, T4, free T4 | Measured once a day, in the fasting state (at approximately 8:00 AM), during the 5 inpatient days | |
Secondary | Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis | Circulating concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines | Measured once a day, in the fasting state (at approximately 8:00 AM), during the 5 inpatient days |
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