Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Other |
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) |
Correlation of SNPs associated with skeletal muscle, catecholamine, executive function and food and exercise reinforcement |
Weeks 0 |
|
| Other |
micro RNA (miRNA) |
Correlation of miRNAs associated with skeletal muscle, executive function and food and exercise reinforcement |
Weeks 0, 12, 24 |
|
| Primary |
Change in C-reactive protein (CRP) |
The effect of diet and exercise on CRP |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
| Primary |
Relative reinforcing value (RRV) of energy-dense snack foods |
The effect of consuming a healthy DGA style or a Western style diet during weight loss and weight maintenance on the RRV of energy-dense snack food using a computer choice paradigm. For the computer choice paradigm subjects click the mouse button to play a simulated slot machine games to earn points toward receiving a portion of food or being able to do a non-food related sedentary activity (e.g., watching TV). |
Weeks 0,12, 24 |
|
| Primary |
Relative reinforcing value (RRV) of exercise |
The effect of achieving the DGA recommended amounts of exercise during weight loss and weight maintenance on relative reinforcing value of exercise compared to a sedentary activity alternative using a computer choice paradigm. For the computer choice paradigm subjects click the mouse button to play a simulated slot machine games to earn points toward being able to do a chosen physical activity, such as walking on a treadmill, or a sedentary activity (e.g., watching TV). |
Weeks 0,12, 24 |
|
| Primary |
Fat and carbohydrate oxidation |
The effect of diet and exercise on carbohydrate and fat oxidation in response to meals and exercise as measured by whole-room calorimetry |
Weeks 0,12 |
|
| Secondary |
Food Cognitive Interference |
The effect of diet and exercise on food cognitive interference, one of the three cognitive domains of executive function, using a computerized Food Stroop test. |
Weeks 0, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Cognitive flexibility |
The effect of diet and exercise on cognitive flexibility, one of the three cognitive domains of executive function, using a computerized Trail-Making test B/A. |
Weeks 0, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Working memory |
The effect of diet and exercise on cognitive flexibility, one of the three cognitive domains of executive function, using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. |
Weeks 0, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Inflammation |
The effect of diet and exercise on plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Il-6, MCP-1, TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10, Soluble TNF receptor I and II) |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Change in adipokines |
The effect of diet and exercise on plasma adipokines (e.g., adiponectin, resistin) |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Change in myokines |
The effect of diet and exercise on plasma myokines (e.g., BDNF, Myostatin, FGF-21, Irisin) |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Change in bile acids |
The effect of diet and exercise on plasma bile acids (i.e., glycocholic acid, glyco-CDCA, glyco-HDCA, hyocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid) |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Change in blood lipids |
The effect of diet and exercise on cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Change in weight control moderators |
Questionnaires (i.e., three-factor eating questionnaire, reward base eating, food attitudes and behavior survey) that when scored provide a single number will be used to determine the moderating effect of self efficacy, restraint and disinhibition maintaining diet and exercise changes |
Weeks 0,12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Change in humoral biomarkers of eating behavior |
The effect of diet and exercise on ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, gut peptides, fatty acids |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Gene expression profiles of glucose oxidation |
The effect of diet and exercise on gene expression profiles associated with glucose oxidation (i.e., hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene expression) |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
| Secondary |
Gene expression profiles of fat oxidation |
The effect of diet and exercise on on gene expression profiles associated with fat oxidation (i.e., fatty acid translocase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl Co-A carboxylase 2, stearoyl Co-A desaturase gene expression) |
Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 |
|
