Evaluation of Liver and Cardiometabolic Health Benefits on Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet

Obesity Clinical Trial

Official title:

Evaluation of Liver and Cardiometabolic Health Benefits on Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03141008
• Other study ID #: HM20009338
• Status: Completed
• Start date: September 15, 2017
• Est. completion date: February 27, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: March 2020
• Source: Virginia Commonwealth University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

To evaluate the impact of a Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet (LCKD) weight loss program and compare to the standard of care program established for patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) on: (1) Liver fat and liver stiffness scores, (2) lipid profile and insulin sensitivity; and (3) depression scores and quality of life, and (4) Cardiometabolic measures such as cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE).

Description:

This prospective pilot pragmatic trial will investigate the role of a LCKD weight loss program for obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and compare it to the group of known obese NAFLD patients who receive dietetic counseling as part of their standard of care in a dedicated NAFLD program. All participants (n=50) will be recruited at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).

Patients will do initial paperwork including

Questionnaires QOL, eating disorder screen, depression screen:

QOL, eating disorder screen and depression screen.

Labwork:

Data will be collected from routine care labwork to include a fasting cholesterol panel, insulin, A1c and comprehensive panel (if they have not received these labs in the preceding 3 months), and at 6 and 12 months. A1c will be collected at 3,6,9 months as well (if A1c >/=7), or just additionally at 6 months if A1c <7

Study labs will be collected:

Blood at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months Urine, stool and saliva at 0, 1, 3 and 12 months

Fibroscan will be done at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months

Echo/CPET testing and Room calorimetry will be offered and the patients agreeing to do this will have them done at 0, 3 and 12 months

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 54
• Est. completion date: February 27, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: February 27, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• The inclusion criteria include patients aged 18 years and older, BMI = 30, ALT (alanine transferase) > 19 (female) and > 30 (male) or radiographic evidence of hepatic parenchymal disease and seen in either the PIs weight loss clinic or a patient in the VCU NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) program.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients will be excluded if they have known other liver disease such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, liver transplant, severely ill, weekly alcohol use (>14 drinks in men and >7 drinks in women), HIV, pregnant females, those< 18 years, and prisoners.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Fatty Liver
• Ketogenic Dieting
• Obesity

Intervention

Other:
• Fibroscan changes with different diets
Observational study of liver fat and stiffness and cardiometabolic parameters comparing two different standard of care dietary regimens

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Virginia Commonwealth University	Richmond	Virginia

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Virginia Commonwealth University	Obesity Treatment Foundation

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (12)

Anstee QM, Targher G, Day CP. Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jun;10(6):330-44. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.41. Epub 2013 Mar 19. Review. — View Citation

Arulanandan A, Ang B, Bettencourt R, Hooker J, Behling C, Lin GY, Valasek MA, Ix JH, Schnabl B, Sirlin CB, Loomba R. Association Between Quantity of Liver Fat and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Independent of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Aug;13(8):1513-20.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.01.027. Epub 2015 Feb 3. — View Citation

Boursier J, Vergniol J, Guillet A, Hiriart JB, Lannes A, Le Bail B, Michalak S, Chermak F, Bertrais S, Foucher J, Oberti F, Charbonnier M, Fouchard-Hubert I, Rousselet MC, Calès P, de Lédinghen V. Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of blood fibrosis tests and liver stiffness measurement by FibroScan in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016 Sep;65(3):570-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.023. Epub 2016 May 2. — View Citation

Chang Y, Jung HS, Yun KE, Cho J, Cho YK, Ryu S. Cohort study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD fibrosis score, and the risk of incident diabetes in a Korean population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Dec;108(12):1861-8. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.349. Epub 2013 Oct 8. — View Citation

Ekstedt M, Hagström H, Nasr P, Fredrikson M, Stål P, Kechagias S, Hultcrantz R. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology. 2015 May;61(5):1547-54. doi: 10.1002/hep.27368. Epub 2015 Mar 23. — View Citation

Francque SM, van der Graaff D, Kwanten WJ. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk: Pathophysiological mechanisms and implications. J Hepatol. 2016 Aug;65(2):425-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.005. Epub 2016 Jun 1. Review. — View Citation

Nagano M, Sasaki H, Kumagai S. Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with elevated hepatic enzyme and liver fat in Japanese patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Sports Sci Med. 2010 Sep 1;9(3):405-10. eCollection 2010. — View Citation

Prati D, Taioli E, Zanella A, Della Torre E, Butelli S, Del Vecchio E, Vianello L, Zanuso F, Mozzi F, Milani S, Conte D, Colombo M, Sirchia G. Updated definitions of healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jul 2;137(1):1-10. — View Citation

Rinella ME. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015 Jun 9;313(22):2263-73. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.5370. Review. Erratum in: JAMA. 2015 Oct 13;314(14):1521. — View Citation

Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A, Zoppini G, Barbui C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2016 Sep;65(3):589-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.013. Epub 2016 May 17. — View Citation

Vanwagner LB, Bhave M, Te HS, Feinglass J, Alvarez L, Rinella ME. Patients transplanted for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are at increased risk for postoperative cardiovascular events. Hepatology. 2012 Nov;56(5):1741-50. doi: 10.1002/hep.25855. — View Citation

Wong RJ, Cheung R, Ahmed A. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S. Hepatology. 2014 Jun;59(6):2188-95. doi: 10.1002/hep.26986. Epub 2014 Apr 25. — View Citation

* Note: There are 12 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in liver fat and stiffness scores compared to control group as well as intrasubject trend	Performed with a fibroscan	0, 3, 6, 12 months
Secondary	Change in Cardiometabolic labs	Lipids, A1c, Insulin, comprehensive metabolic panel	0, 6, 12 months (3 and 9 months for A1c if >7
Secondary	Other specialized testing	Echo, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, room calorimetry	Only to a few of the eligible patients, 0, 3, 12 months