Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Change in Body Mass Index |
Body composition will be assessed through change in body mass index at baseline and at 3 months post-treatment. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Effect of CE/BZA on Body Composition Using Waist-to-hip Ratio |
Body composition will be assessed through change in waist-to-hip ratio at baseline and at 3 months post-treatment. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Body Composition Using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) |
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. DXA uses an x-ray technique to look at the density of the body and can then estimate the amount of lean muscle mass and fat tissue. Body composition will be assessed through change in DXA body composition at baseline and at 3 months post-treatment. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Acute Insulin Response to Glucose (AIRg) |
This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in acute insulin response to glucose. IVGTT data derived by MINMOD Millennium software. MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Acute Insulin Response (AIRg) to Intravenous Glucose is based on glucose and insulin levels obtained during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and calculated using a mathematical model. AIRg is measured as the magnitude of the insulin response to an intravenous glucose injection following glucose administration. A low AIRg indicates decreased ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Basal Glucose Concentration (Gb) |
This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in basal glucose concentration. IVGTT data derived by MINMOD Millennium software. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Disposition Index (DI) |
Disposition index (DI) is the product of insulin sensitivity times the amount of insulin secreted in response to blood glucose levels. DI is commonly used as a measure of ß-cell function. This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in disposition index (DI). IVGTT data derived by MINMOD Millennium software. DI is based on glucose and insulin levels obtained during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and calculated using a mathematical model. DI is the product of insulin sensitivity and the amount of insulin secreted in response to blood glucose levels. Disposition index is used as a measure of beta cell function and the ability of the body to dispose of a glucose load. A low DI is indicative of a higher risk of developing diabetes. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Insulin Sensitivity (SI) Index |
SI indicates the net capacity for insulin to promote the disposal of glucose and to inhibit the endogenous production of glucose. This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in insulin sensitivity (SI) index. IVGTT data derived by MINMOD Millennium software. SI is based on glucose and insulin levels obtained during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and calculated using a mathematical model. SI is a measure of tissue response to circulating insulin in the blood following glucose injection. A low SI signifies low insulin sensitivity and high SI represents high insulin sensitivity. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) ß-cell Function |
The homeostasis model assessment of ß-cell function (HOMA-ß) is an index of insulin secretory function derived from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. This will be assessed at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) ß-cell function. (HOMA) ß-cell function is a method used to quantify beta-cell function from fasting blood samples of insulin and glucose. Normal levels for (HOMA) ß-cell function is 107 or more. Lower numbers mean higher risk of developing diabetes. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Insulin Resistance (IR) |
Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing ß-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. This will be assessed at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance. HOMA IR is a method used to quantify insulin resistance from fasting blood samples of insulin and glucose. Normal levels for HOMA-IR is less than 2.0. Higher levels mean higher risk for developing diabetes. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Fasting Insulin Clearance (FIC) |
This will be assessed at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in fasting insulin clearance (FIC). FIC derived from fasting C-peptide to insulin ratio. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Primary |
Change in Glucose-stimulated Insulin Clearance (GSIC) |
This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in glucose-stimulated insulin clearance (GSIC). GSIC derived from molar ratio of C-peptide to insulin area under curve (AUC) over first 20 min of IVGTT. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Secondary |
Measure Change in Serum Biomarkers Panel 1 |
Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in serum biomarkers (Leptin, Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), Intact OCN) taken at baseline and 3 months. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Secondary |
Measure Change in Serum Biomarkers Panel 2 |
Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in serum biomarkers (Adiponectin, RBP4) taken at baseline and 3 months. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Secondary |
Measure Change in Leptin:Adiponectin Ratio (LAR) |
Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in leptin:adiponectin ratio (LAR) taken at baseline and 3 months. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Secondary |
Measure Change in Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF-21) |
Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) taken at baseline and 3 months. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Secondary |
Measure Change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) |
Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) taken at baseline and 3 months. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|
Secondary |
Measure Change in Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) |
Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) taken at baseline and 3 months. |
Change at 3 months from baseline |
|