Forms of Cervical Brachial Syndrome Treated With Plasma Concentrate Enriched for A2M

Neuralgia Clinical Trial

— A2M  

Official title:

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Other Forms of Cervical Brachial Syndrome Treated With Plasma Concentrate Enriched for Alpha 2 Macroglobulin

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04066933
• Other study ID #: 33237/1
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Start date: September 24, 2018
• Est. completion date: December 2023

Study information

• Verified date: September 2022
• Source: Neurological Associates of West Los Angeles
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M) is a plasma protein that acts as a molecular trap for inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). After plasma is enriched for A2M, it may be injected for treating chronic inflammation. Plasma enriched for A2M may be considered as a possible injectable agent to counteract inflammation that may occur with a cervicobrachial pain syndrome. This study reports on an experiencing using A2M to treat cervicobrachial syndrome which was predominant for either musculotendinous or neuralgic features.

Description:

Regional pain in the neck, shoulder and arm is a common problem when there is exposure to repetitive work with a prevalence of about fifty percent. In the absence of a widespread pain conditions, and when cervical radiculopathy is ruled out with appropriate imaging, myalgia, tendinopathy or neurogenic sources of pain may predominate in a given case. Myalgia (MTPS) may be characterized by muscles that are tight and tender to palpation and where there may be radiation of pain down the limb. A twitch may be elicited with stimulation of affected muscle. Numerous treatments for myalgia have been proposed with variable or incomplete success including local anesthetic injections, botulinum chemodenervation and platelet rich plasma injections. Neuralgic complaints may be caused by chronic compression in the interscalene triangle as in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (NTOS) and other patients may have injury from sudden stretch, electrocution, inflammatory diseases, penetrating wounds or acute or chronic post-operative conditions. Botulinum chemodenervation and surgical decompression has been applied for treating nerve compression due to Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with partial success. [9-13] Chemodenervation tends to be transient in effect and surgery may have significant complications. Previous reports have demonstrated relatively poor outcomes with targeted treatments when there is a coexistence of conditions characterized by increased sensitivity as in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or fibromyalgia. In the present retrospective review, it was anticipated that patients with CRPS may not respond as well to targeted treatment so that they were evaluated separately from patients with NTOS along. Because existing therapies for myofascial and neuralgic forms of cervicobrachial pain may have unsatisfactory outcomes, alternative therapies may be considered, particularly, for individuals who have failed to respond. Contemporary conceptualizations of chronic pain mechanisms include the contribution of inflammatory factors. Mindful of these considerations, locally targeted anti-inflammatory administrations may be thought to play a potential role in treatment of cervicobrachial pain. Alpha 2 macroglobulin is a plasma protein that acts as a molecular trap for inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor, TNF. After plasma is enriched for A2M, it may be injected for treating chronic inflammation. Plasma enriched for A2M may be considered as a possible injectable agent to counteract inflammation that may occur with a cervicobrachial pain syndrome. The present paper reports on an experience using A2M for treating cervicobrachial syndrome which was predominant for either musculotendinous or neuralgic features.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: December 2023
• Est. primary completion date: December 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 23 Years to 77 Years

Eligibility

Inclusionary Criteria:

• All patients had daily disabling cervical brachial pain that was continuously present for at least six months.
• After examination by one or both of the authors, patients who were diagnosed as having a condition related to musculotendinous pain (MTPS), neuropathic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (NTOS), or Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) qualified for treatment and inclusion in the chart review.

Exclusionary Criteria:

• N/A
• (retrospective analysis of clinical treatment)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
• Neuralgia
• Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
• Syndrome
• Thoracic Outlet Neurologic Syndrome
• Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Intervention

Combination Product:
• A2M enriched plasma
Plasma enriched for alpha2macroglobulin (A2M-PPP) was produced by a centrifugation and filtration process developed by Cytonics Corporation. Initially, 7 milliliters of Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose Solution A, ubiquitous surface protein (USP) was drawn into a 60 cc syringe and then an additional 38 cc of autologous blood was drawn up through an antecubital vein. Two syringes were prepared in this manner and then centrifuged at 4000 rpm (1280G) for 4 minutes. The supernatant plasma fraction was then transferred to a roller pump system that circulates the fluid through a proprietary filter having a high molecular weight cutoff designed to trap larger molecules including alpha 2 macroglobulin (720 kDa).

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Neurological Associates of West Los Angeles	Santa Monica	California

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Neurological Associates of West Los Angeles

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (16)

Cartagena-Sevilla J, García-Fernández MR, Vicente-Villena JP. Analgesic Effect of Botulinum Toxin A in Myofascial Pain Syndrome Patients Previously Treated with Local Infiltration of Anesthetic and Steroids. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2016 Dec;30(4):269-275. Epub 2016 Nov 1. — View Citation

Christo PJ, Christo DK, Carinci AJ, Freischlag JA. Single CT-guided chemodenervation of the anterior scalene muscle with botulinum toxin for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Pain Med. 2010 Apr;11(4):504-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00814.x. Epub 2010 Mar 1. — View Citation

Cuéllar JM, Cuéllar VG, Scuderi GJ. a(2)-Macroglobulin: Autologous Protease Inhibition Technology. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2016 Nov;27(4):909-918. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2016.06.008. Review. — View Citation

Eltayeb S, Staal JB, Kennes J, Lamberts PH, de Bie RA. Prevalence of complaints of arm, neck and shoulder among computer office workers and psychometric evaluation of a risk factor questionnaire. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007 Jul 14;8:68. — View Citation

Jordan SE, Ahn SS, Gelabert HA. Combining ultrasonography and electromyography for botulinum chemodenervation treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: comparison with fluoroscopy and electromyography guidance. Pain Physician. 2007 Jul;10(4):541-6. — View Citation

Jordan SE, Ahn SS, Gelabert HA. Differentiation of thoracic outlet syndrome from treatment-resistant cervical brachial pain syndromes: development and utilization of a questionnaire, clinical examination and ultrasound evaluation. Pain Physician. 2007 May;10(3):441-52. Erratum in: Pain Physician. 2007 Jul;10(4):599. — View Citation

Lavelle ED, Lavelle W, Smith HS. Myofascial trigger points. Med Clin North Am. 2007 Mar;91(2):229-39. Review. — View Citation

Pascarelli EF, Hsu YP. Understanding work-related upper extremity disorders: clinical findings in 485 computer users, musicians, and others. J Occup Rehabil. 2001 Mar;11(1):1-21. — View Citation

Pasquale, X.M., Jason, M.C., Gaetano, J.S., Intradiscal injection of an Autologous Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2M) Concentrate Alleviates Back Pain in FAC-Positive Patients. Ortho and Rheum, 2017. 4(2).

Simons DG. The nature of myofascial trigger points. Clin J Pain. 1995 Mar;11(1):83-4. — View Citation

Soares A, Andriolo RB, Atallah AN, da Silva EM. Botulinum toxin for myofascial pain syndromes in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jul 25;(7):CD007533. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007533.pub3. Review. — View Citation

Thompson RW, Petrinec D. Surgical treatment of thoracic outlet compression syndromes: diagnostic considerations and transaxillary first rib resection. Ann Vasc Surg. 1997 May;11(3):315-23. — View Citation

Torriani M, Gupta R, Donahue DM. Botulinum toxin injection in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: results and experience using a ultrasound-guided approach. Skeletal Radiol. 2010 Oct;39(10):973-80. doi: 10.1007/s00256-010-0897-1. Epub 2010 Feb 26. — View Citation

Tsikopoulos K, Tsikopoulos I, Simeonidis E, Papathanasiou E, Haidich AB, Anastasopoulos N, Natsis K. The clinical impact of platelet-rich plasma on tendinopathy compared to placebo or dry needling injections: A meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport. 2016 Jan;17:87-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jun 18. Review. — View Citation

Waersted M, Hanvold TN, Veiersted KB. Computer work and musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper extremity: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Apr 29;11:79. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-79. Review. — View Citation

Wang S, Wei X, Zhou J, Zhang J, Li K, Chen Q, Terek R, Fleming BC, Goldring MB, Ehrlich MG, Zhang G, Wei L. Identification of a2-macroglobulin as a master inhibitor of cartilage-degrading factors that attenuates the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Jul;66(7):1843-53. doi: 10.1002/art.38576. — View Citation

* Note: There are 16 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Adverse Event (AE) and Serious Adverse Event (SAE) Reporting	Any suspected adverse events possibly related to study procedures were noted. Any serious adverse events were reported immediately. [NONE REPORTED THROUGHOUT STUDY DURATION]	Reported throughout study duration, up to 12 months
Primary	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)	Self-report measure containing a composite pain score and functional interference score. The pain subscale contains 4 questions, each with answers ranging from 0 'no pain' to 10 'pain as bad as you can imagine.' Total possible score for the pain subscale is 40 points. The functional/interference subscale contains 7 questions, with each answer ranging from 0 'does not interfere' to 10 'completely interferes.' The maximum possible score for the interference subscale is 70 points. The total overall composite BPI score is out of 100 maximum points.	Baseline
Primary	Patient Global Impression of Change Scale (PGIC)	Qualitative assessment of meaningful change obtained by a brief interview to estimate patients' overall perceived benefit of study procedures. The PGIC is structured as a 7-item scale ranging from 1 'very much improved' to 7 'very much worse.' Scores of 1 and 2 reflected notable subjective perception of benefit.	3 months
Secondary	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)	Self-report measure containing a composite pain score and functional interference score. The pain subscale contains 4 questions, each with answers ranging from 0 'no pain' to 10 'pain as bad as you can imagine.' Total possible score for the pain subscale is 40 points. The functional/interference subscale contains 7 questions, with each answer ranging from 0 'does not interfere' to 10 'completely interferes.' The maximum possible score for the interference subscale is 70 points. The total overall composite BPI score is out of 100 maximum points. A clinical improvement is considered a decrease in BPI overall composite score by at least 30% from baseline.	1 month
Secondary	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)	Self-report measure containing a composite pain score and functional interference score. The pain subscale contains 4 questions, each with answers ranging from 0 'no pain' to 10 'pain as bad as you can imagine.' Total possible score for the pain subscale is 40 points. The functional/interference subscale contains 7 questions, with each answer ranging from 0 'does not interfere' to 10 'completely interferes.' The maximum possible score for the interference subscale is 70 points. The total overall composite BPI score is out of 100 maximum points. A clinical improvement is considered a decrease in BPI overall composite score by at least 30% from baseline.	3 months
Secondary	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)	Self-report measure containing a composite pain score and functional interference score. The pain subscale contains 4 questions, each with answers ranging from 0 'no pain' to 10 'pain as bad as you can imagine.' Total possible score for the pain subscale is 40 points. The functional/interference subscale contains 7 questions, with each answer ranging from 0 'does not interfere' to 10 'completely interferes.' The maximum possible score for the interference subscale is 70 points. The total overall composite BPI score is out of 100 maximum points. A clinical improvement is considered a decrease in BPI overall composite score by at least 30% from baseline.	6 months