Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trial
Official title:
Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes: Neuropsychology and Neural Networks
This study attempts to identify two types of AD by using clinical and cognitive tasks and brain imaging. The subtypes of AD are separated into a "typical" group (memory loss) and a "variant" group (language, visuospatial, and other cognitive difficulties). Performance on the clinical tasks and brain imaging will be compared among the young-onset Alzheimer's disease group, a late-onset Alzheimer's disease group, and a control group.
Unlike the usual late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), early-onset AD (EOAD), with onset
before age 65, includes a high percentage of phenotypic variants. These non-familial,
variants (vEOAD) present, not with progressive memory loss, but with language, visuospatial,
or other cognitive difficulties. AD is now understood as a disorder that manifests with
disturbed cognition reflecting disturbed neural networks. A multivariate analysis of
neuropsychological tests, the "gold standard" for objectively defining neurocognitive
impairments, coupled with structural and functional neuroimaging analysis of connectomes, can
identify the neurocognitive-neural network profiles of vEOAD patients, compared to those with
typical AD. This knowledge can increase our understanding of the heterogeneity of AD and how
it causes disease.
This study hopes to show that vEOAD constitutes a "Type 2 AD", by (1) defining the
neuropsychological components of Type 2 AD, and (2) understanding the anatomy and atrophy of
the brains of vEOAD patients. Together, these components can outline the
neurocognitive-neural network profile of Type 2 AD.
In addition to information that can help in the diagnosis and management of EOAD, this study
can stimulate novel research into the reasons for this neurobiological heterogeneity in AD
and could potentially lead to interventions based on alternate neurocognitive-neural network
profiles.
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