View clinical trials related to Insulin Sensitivity.
Filter by:Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Smectite is a natural silicate clay belonging to the dioctahedral smectite class formed from aluminomagnesium silicate. It is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but binds to intestinal mucous, forms multilayer structure with high plastic viscosity and powerful coating properties hence preserving integrity of the mucus, and has the ability to absorb directly bacterial toxins, bacteria, viruses and bile salts. The current study aim was to conduct placebo-controlled randomize clinical trial for the efficiency of a combination of multiprobiotics with smectite (Symbiter-Forte formulation) as an adjunction to the standard anti-diabetic therapy on IR, glycemic control parameters, β-cells functional activity, anthropometric parameters and markers of a chronic systemic inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes patients.
Inadequate sleep is an independent risk factor for metabolic abnormalities (such as obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia). Women report sleep disruption during the menopause transition (perimenopause) and into the postmenopausal years. Sleep disruption is one of the primary reasons why midlife women seek medical care, with up to 60% reporting significant sleep disturbances (e.g., trouble falling asleep, early morning waking, and hot flashes/night sweats). Despite the majority of women experiencing sleep disruption, no study has investigated the molecular mechanisms linking sleep disruption and the changes in metabolism that coincide with menopause.
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Omega-3 fatty acids belong to the family of polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are known to exert a strong positive influence on metabolism and inflammation. The data from animal studies suggested that both probiotics and omega-3 can affect body weight, influence on glucose and fat metabolism, improve insulin sensitivity and reduce chronic systemic inflammation. In respect to experimental data, the current study aim was to provide double-blind single center RCT, for study the efficacy of co-administration of probiotic with omega-3 vs. placebo in type 2 diabetes patient
The study investigates the regulation of muscle glucose utilization during exercise and enhanced insulin sensitivity in recovery from exercise. This will be investigated in lean control subjects and obese insulin resistant subjects.
Recently a common Greenlandic nonsense p.Arg684erTer variant (in which arginine is replaced by a termination codon) in the gene TBC1D4 was discovered. The variant has an allele frequency of 17%. Homozygous carriers of this TBC1D4 variant have impaired glucose tolerance and a 10-fold enhanced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The investigators propose to carry out comprehensive metabolic phenotyping of adult Inuits carrying zero or two alleles of the TBC1D4 variant. The investigators hypothesise that regulation of TBC1D4 in skeletal muscle is pivotal in regulating glucose uptake during exercise, during physiological insulin stimulation, and for the ability of an acute bout of exercise to improve insulin sensitivity to regulate glucose metabolism in humans. The overall aims in the present project are to: 1. Determine whether the TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter variant affects the regulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle during exercise and during physiological insulin stimulation. 2. Determine the effect of the TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter variant for the ability of acute exercise to insulin sensitize skeletal muscle to regulate glucose metabolism. 3. Define the metabolic pathways affected by the p.Arg684Ter variant in order to identify causal factors responsible for the diabetic phenotype of Inuit carriers. The knowledge generated will contribute to additional explanatory clues to the increased frequency of T2D in the carriers.
Two important mechanisms play a major role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance of the target tissues and the impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Postprandial factors (such as insulin) are perceived by the human brain and induce signals that regulate glucose metabolism via the parasympathetic nervous system. Deep breathing exercise can increase parasympathetic nerve activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy people can be significantly increased by deep breathing maneuvers, indicating a shift from sympathetic activity to parasympathetic activity. The hypothesis is that this postprandial shift results in a change in peripheral glucose metabolism. In turn, the increased parasympathetic activity could potentially result in a change in postprandial insulin sensitivity or secretion. To test this hypothesis, this study investigates the effect of deep breathing exercise versus normal breathing on insulin sensitivity, on insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, resting energy expenditure, and on parasympathetic tone (analysis of heart rate variability).
Counting Carbohydrates (CC) is the preferable method used to calculate the amount of insulin needed for a meal. This method is employed by patients with type 1 diabetes melitus (T1DM). the patients receive the general arithmetic calculation of how much insulin to inject for 15 grams/1 portion of carbohydrate (carb to insulin ratio (C:I) and insulin sensitivity (IS). However, Diabetes Educators are often confronted with difficulties guiding their T1DM patient when using this method and find patients get confused calculating the amount of carbs needed. The investigators sought to create a simple tool that would help our patients implement the CC method easily and properly.
During last decades, an excessive intake of sugars has been observed in westernized countries, mainly due to the consumption of sugar-rich soft drinks. Epidemiological studies have pointed out a positive correlation between the consumption of such drinks and the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a growing trend looking for new non-caloric alternatives (sweeteners) in order to reduce the sugar content of foodstuffs without losing their sweetness and tastefulness. However, some questions regarding sweeteners have recently arisen as their effects after long-term consumption have not been fully unravelled. They could also contribute to a higher caloric intake and to disrupt the gut microbiota. Besides seeking new alternatives for the high intake of sugar-rich drinks, there is a need for increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables among general public. Developing new products to stretch the shelf-life of fresh fruits, preserving their nutrients, and reducing the energetic content of fruit juices should also be accomplished. In this sense, lemon juice has been proposed as an interesting ingredient in the elaboration of soft drinks due to its distinctive aroma and high nutritive value. Its combination with maqui berry juices contributes to stabilize the colour and phenolic compounds that both products contain (mainly flavanones for lemon juice and anthocyanins for maqui). The beneficial effects of these vegetal foodstuffs and their phenolic substances on glucose intolerance have been reported.The aim of BEBESANO is studying the beneficial effects of sugar-free, rich-in-phytochemicals drink consumption on postprandial hyperglycaemia, in order to provide alternatives to excessive sugar intake and counteract the postprandial response linked to sugar consumption in subjects with low levels of chronic inflammation such as overweight people. Moreover, BEBESANO will shed light on the interactions of food constituents with the main pathways involved in the lipid and glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormonal regulation in overweight population.
The hypothesis is that consumption of pulse-based foods (i.e. containing chickpeas, lentils, and split peas) during the workday will improve insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, body composition, and blood pressure in sedentary office workers.One-hundred office workers from a university campus will participate in a cross-over study where they will be randomized (i.e. assigned by chance) to receive pre-packaged pulse-based lunches and snacks to replace their usual lunches/snacks during the work day OR to continue consuming their usual diets for two months. After the first dietary intervention, they will undergo a 1-month "wash-out" and then participate in two months of the opposite dietary intervention. The main outcome to be assessed is change in glucose and insulin (i.e. blood sugar control) determined during an oral glucose tolerance test. Secondary outcomes include changes in body composition, lipids, and blood pressure. During the pulse-based diet phases, participants will be supplied with a ready-to-eat lunch and two snacks to eat during each workday. These will contain a total of 150g/d dry weight (250g/d wet weight) pulses
The human brain is an insulin sensitive organ. Brain insulin action modulates peripheral insulin sensitivity in young lean men. As a underlying mechanism, the investigators previously detected suppression of endogenous glucose production and stimulation of glucose disappearance to peripheral tissue in response to brain insulin delivery by nasal spray. Whether this holds true in young woman is unknown, since differences in brain insulin response between sexes have been reported. The investigators will address this question by combining the delivery of insulin to the brain as nasal spray with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiments in natural cycling women. In the planned randomized, placebo controlled cross-over study, female participants will undergo four hyperinsulinemic euglycemic experiments with tracer dilution, two in the first phase and two in the second phase of their menstrual cycle. On one of the study days per menstrual phase, subjects will receive intranasal insulin administration, on the other placebo spray. The protocol has been successfully applied previously in men. Based on the results of this trial, the investigators calculated a required sample size of N=10 for the planned study in women. These experiments will help to better understand the role of brain insulin action in a broader sense. The results can be the basis for larger clinical trials that address the sex-specific impact of brain insulin resistance for glucose metabolism and diabetes risk.