Use of Clomiphene Citrate as an Inhibitor of Ovulation in an Oocyte Cryopreservation Cycle

Infertility Clinical Trial

— CCOI  

Official title:

Use of Clomiphene Citrate as an Inhibitor of Ovulation in an Oocyte Cryopreservation Cycle

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05866068
• Other study ID #: Womans
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Start date: July 1, 2023
• Est. completion date: October 31, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: May 2023
• Source: Woman's
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has helped countless couples conceive where they otherwise were unable, but does come at a significant cost. A large portion of that cost is in the medications that allow for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. One aspect of treatment is in ovulation inhibition to allow for supraphysiologic recruitment of oocytes prior to natural ovulation. Historically, GnRH agonist and antagonists have been used. However, these are subcutaneous injections and can be costly. Clomiphene citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that acts as an estrogen antagonist in the hypothalamus and pituitary and is an inexpensive oral agent. It may be used as an inhibitor of ovulation in IVF in theory but this has never been attempted to the best of our knowledge.

Description:

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has been used for over 40 years in treating infertility, and with the advent of cryopreservation, it is now possible to stimulate, retrieve and freeze oocytes for use at a later date. In fact, in late 2012 the FDA removed the experimental label from oocyte cryopreservation (OC), allowing for OC cycles to become a standard of care for patients with conditions that threaten their ovarian reserve or patients who wish to preserve their fertility electively. Currently, standard stimulation protocols for superovulation of oocytes for OC involve subcutaneous injections of GnRH agonists or antagonists to inhibit premature natural ovulation as the higher number of oocytes are recruited with gonadotropins. These medications are costly and cumbersome and therefore it is of interest to design protocols that are both easier on patient compliance and more cost effective.

Clomiphene citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It selectively binds to estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, endometrium, and cervix producing estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects. However the exact mechanism of clomid is poorly understood. Multiple studies have been done through animal models. One studied showed that it inhibits the negative feedback of endogenous estrogen to subsequently increase secretion of GnRH. It is also shown to increase the frequency of GnRH, however not the amplitude [Wallach]. Current IVF protocols use either GnRH antagonist or agonist to inhibit premature ovulation. Therefore due to Clomid effect on both the hypothalamus and pituitary it could theoretically block ovulation if taken continuously to down regulate the GnRH receptors.

A study published in 1982 by Marut and Hodgen looked at the effect of high doses clomiphene in primates with normal cycles. Using high dose clomiphene (25mg daily) for five days then evaluated gonadotropins, estrogen, progesterone and preformed serial laparoscopies. In all 18 of the treatment cycles there was a delay in ovulation. Upon literature review, no other studies had been conducted looking using clomiphene citrate as a medication to inhibit ovulation during an ovarian stimulation cycle.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 10
• Est. completion date: October 31, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2024
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 42 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female

• 18-42 years old, inclusive

• Planning to undergo IVF with egg retrieval for oocyte cryopreservation

Exclusion Criteria:

• Tobacco or illicit drug use

• History of infertility

• Prior failed IVF or OC cycle

• Drug allergy to Clomid

• Hypertension

• Migraine with aura

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Infertility
• Infertility, Female

Intervention

Drug:
• Clomiphene
Clomiphene citrate 100mg daily during IVF stimulation

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Womans Hospital	Baton Rouge	Louisiana

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Neil Chappell

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Ovulation	Evidence of premature ovulation during IVF stimulation	3 weeks
Secondary	Oocyte yield	Number of oocytes from IVF cycle	3 weeks
Secondary	Maturity Rate	% of eggs mature / # of oocytes collected	3 weeks
Secondary	Side effects	Number of patients reporting side effects of medication	3 weeks