View clinical trials related to Infant, Newborn, Diseases.
Filter by:Estimate the risks and benefits of active treatment versus expectant management of a symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) in premature infants.
To explore main cause and health impact of iodine excess during pregnancy, we performed iodine evaluation for 390 consecutive pregnant women from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2016. Among them, 18 women (4.62%) with apparently elevated urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were enrolled onto this study for subsequent follow-up. History of high iodine exposure was collected from all participants. Parameters about iodine status were monitors until termination of pregnancy, and dietary iodine intake condition and thyroid function were also evaluated.
This is a mixed methods process evaluation of a programmatic intervention to integrate family planning and immunization services at health facilities and through outreach services in Dowa and Ntchisi districts of Malawi. The study involved qualitative methods (in depth interviews and focus group discussions with service providers, mothers and fathers of infants <1 year, and supervisors and program managers) as well as secondary analysis of service statistics for family planning and immunization services and of supervision reports.
The purpose of this observational study is to measure pulmonary function in term and preterm infants with and without pulmonary disease including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, transient tachypnea of the newborn, meconium aspiration syndrome, and response to treatments given to newborn infants with lung diseases using a non-invasive airway oscillometry system.
This study evaluates the efficacy of rifampin in the treatment of hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria in participants with at least one inactivating mutation of the CYP24A1 gene. Eligible subjects will receive rifampin for a total of 16 weeks during this study.
This is a preliminary study whose objectives are to define the clinical use cases and the constraints of the implementation of a multi-sensor image-sound system.
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of death or long-term disability in infants born at term in the western world, affecting about 1-4 per 1.000 life births and consequently about 5-20.000 infants per year in Europe. Hypothermic treatment became the only established therapy to improve outcome after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insults. Despite hypothermia and neonatal intensive care, 45-50% of affected children die or suffer from long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Additional neuroprotective interventions, beside hypothermia, are warranted to further improve their outcome. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and reduces the production of oxygen radicals and brain damage in experimental, animal, and early human studies of ischemia and reperfusion. This project aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of allopurinol administered immediately after birth to near-term infants with HIE in addition to hypothermic treatment.
Sixty neonates and infants will be enrolled and randomised into two groups of n=30 each . For their surgical procedures, one group general (GA) anaesthesia the second group will receive a combined general and epidural anaesthesia (CGEA). Anaesthetic technique: Patients in the GA group will be induced with intravenous propofol (2-4 mg.kg-1) and fentanyl (2-4 µg.kg-1) and will receive rocuronium bromide (0.5 mg.kg-1) to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia will be maintained with sevoflurane (2-3%) in an air/oxygen mixture as well as intravenous fentanyl as required. In the (CGEA) 0.5 ml.kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected into the epidural catheter, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1% bupivacaine at a rate of 0.2 mg.kg-1.hr-1 for up to 48 hours postoperatively. Assessment of anaesthetic efficacy will be measured Intraoperative care vital signs. And will continuously be monitored with a Datex AS/3 (Engestrom®, Helsinki, Finland) monitor. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis will be determined by the degree of bowel contamination during surgery, with the commonest regimen consisting of penicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole will be administered. Antibiotics will be continued for 36-48 hours postoperatively to prevent infection arising from the disturbed bowel flora. Postoperative care, following surgery, will be conducted. The feeding volume will be increased in steps as long as the volume of regurgitated fluid will be less than 20% of the administered breast milk or formula volume. Full feeding will define as oral tolerance of at least 80% of daily maintenance volume. In cases of abdominal distension or vomiting, feeding will withheld until symptom resolution. The nasogastric tube will be removed on bowel function restoration The CRIES score will be use to assess the severity and duration of postoperative pain during the patients' NICU stay. If the CRIES score is ≥4, fentanyl will be continuously intravenously infused in both study group. Fentanyl will be also administered to CGEA patients who experienced pain despite a continuous epidural infusion at 1-5 µg.kg-1.h-1. The amount of fentanyl required for adequate postoperative pain relief will be recorded in both groups.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether acetaminophen is effective in prevention or reducing the severity of IVH in premature infants.
Premature babies, born several weeks before their due date, are often very ill in the first weeks and months of life, compared with those born at full term. Because babies' brains and bodies are still developing at this time, early birth puts them at increased risk of later problems with health and development. It is important to do everything possible to try to improve the overall health of these children. Not only will this help children and families, but it will also help to understand the correct amount and type of care they will need from the NHS in the future. At present, England has three types of neonatal units: Neonatal Intensive care units (NICUs) that can care for the most sick and most premature babies, Local Neonatal Units (LNUs) that generally care for slightly less sick babies, and Special Care baby units (SCBU) that care for larger premature babies who are generally well, but need time to grow and develop before going home. For those premature babies born between 27 and 31 weeks of pregnancy, there is no information on whether they benefit from being looked after in one type of unit or another. At present there is no guidance, so these babies may be looked after in either LNUs or NICUs. Babies who are born at this stage of pregnancy cannot be looked after in a SCBU and sometimes need to be moved after birth to either a NICU or LNU. There are 84 LNUs and 45 NICUs in England. In 2014, about half of these babies were cared for in a NICU and half in a LNU. There is the need to know whether babies born between 27 and 31 weeks are best cared for in a NICU or LNU or if it does not matter. The main things that control where a baby is born are where the mother has her antenatal care, and where there is a cot available for the baby. A mother may have antenatal care in a hospital that has a NICU, LNU or SCBU. Because it is difficult to predict which mother is going to have her baby early, she cannot be directed, at the time of her choosing her hospital for antenatal care, where to go to for care. There is uncertainty before birth which baby is likely to require intensive care, but usually the less mature babies need more intensive care. In this study to find out where it is best to care for babies born at 27-31 weeks of pregnancy, the study will look at which type of unit: a) leads to the best outcome for babies born at each week of pregnancy in this range; b) is most cost-effective for families and the NHS and c) best considers views and needs of parents and staff caring for babies.