View clinical trials related to Infant, Newborn, Diseases.
Filter by:Neonatal diabetes is diagnosed before 6 months of age and causes high blood glucose levels due to the pancreas not secreting insulin. Neonatal diabetes can be caused by a change in a DNA region called the KCNJ11 gene. KCNJ11 encodes a channel in the pancreas that acts as a switch to turn 'on' and 'off' insulin secretion. A change in KCNJ11 results in a faulty channel, which keeps insulin secretion 'switched off'. The diabetes can be treated with tablets called sulphonylureas that switch the pancreatic channel 'on', allowing it to secrete insulin in response to gut hormones called incretins. Previous research has shown that patients who switch from insulin to sulphonylureas have better blood glucose control, including fewer episodes of hypoglycaemia (glucose dropping too low), and also avoid the need for injections. It is thought that serious side effects from sulphonylureas are uncommon in KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes. Some patients report low glucose after meals and we think this may be because they make too much insulin if they eat a meal with protein but low amounts of carbohydrate. The investigators will test this by giving study participants different meals and measuring the amount of insulin, glucose and incretin hormone in the blood afterwards.
This study aims to assess whether the electrical signal of the diaphragm (diaphragm electromyogram) and the ratio of that to tidal volume (amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs) can predict which infants will be successfully extubated (have the breathing tube removed without needing it replaced.)
The aim of this study to determine the reference ranges of LBC on gastric aspirate in healthy term newborns.
The purpose of this study is to determine if, in preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestation at birth receiving oxygen without ventilatory/CPAP support, oxygen environment (OE) compared with nasal cannula oxygen (NC), will decrease the number of episodes with oxygen saturations less than 85% of ≥10 seconds in a 48 hour cross over period on either intervention. This is a randomized cross-over pilot study with a 1:1 parallel allocation of infants to oxygen environment or nasal cannula oxygen using stratified permuted block design. Following a 24 hour period on the first intervention, infants will cross over to a 24 hour period on the second (alternative) intervention before crossing back to the first intervention for a further 24 hours and then back again to the second (alternative) intervention for a further 24 hours.
This study evaluates the hypothesis that delayed compared to early umbilical cord clamping will improve neonatal transition in terms of circulation and breathing during resuscitation.
This study will compare a newborn heart rate sensor (HeartLight) that is integrated into a hat with other common forms of heart rate monitoring such as electrocardiography (ECG), stethoscope and pulse oximetry (PO) in newborn babies. This will help to evaluate the new heart rate sensor's reliability and accuracy.
The purpose of this study is to investigate long term response of sulfonylurea and glucose control in children with diabetes due to mutations in KCNJ11 that have been switched from insulin injections to sulfonylurea tablets.
The purpose of this study is to determine if the position of the mother in the first two hours after delivery, while she is in skin to skin contact with your child, influences the oxygen saturation and/or heart rate of the newborn. In this way it could provide some useful information for the prevention of seemingly lethal episodes or sudden death of the child when, following current recommendations is skin to skin contact in the first hours of life. These episodes are communicating in all developed countries and have caused great concern and interest in the scientific community. So far we only have information from case series.
This study is a single center, prospective cohort crossover study comparing mechanically ventilated neonates and infants on Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure control plus pressure support (SIMV(PC) + PS) modes. This design will allow for direct comparison of two commonly used ventilator modalities in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to determine if one mode is superior to the other with regards to respiratory mechanics and estimated energy expenditure. It is hypothesized that neonates and infants will have improved respiratory severity score (MAP X FiO2) utilizing NAVA compared to the SIMV (PC) + PS mode but will have increased estimated energy expenditure.
A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers (CCTs) at increasing retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services specifically, in relation to pickup of ARV drugs for infected mothers, delivery in the hospital setting, and receipt of drugs for exposed infants. Administrative data will be extracted from the All Babies are Equal program and hospital records. At 8-10 weeks after delivery, an endline survey will also be conducted with each participant to provide a deeper understanding of the impact of the CCTs and to assess the reasons for retention in PMTCT services.