Obesity Clinical Trial
Official title:
A Pilot Study of the Metabolic Effects of Large Volume Liposuction in Overweight Women With Hyperinsulinemia, Impaired Glucose Tolerance and/or Type 2 Diabetes
This study is for women who have already decided to undergo liposuction at Georgetown
University Medical Center in Washington, D.C. To take part in this study, a woman must first
meet with the plastic surgeons there, and be accepted by them to have liposuction. This
study will investigate whether large volume liposuction improves risk factors for heart
disease in overweight women with type 2 (adult onset) diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance,
or elevated blood insulin levels. Large volume liposuction is the surgical removal of at
least 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of body fat, usually from the abdomen, hips or chest. Risk factors
for heart disease include high blood pressure and elevated levels of blood lipids
(cholesterol and triglycerides), blood glucose (sugar), and blood insulin. Subjects who
participate in all parts of this study will receive a total of $930.00.
Overweight women 18 years or older with high blood insulin levels, impaired glucose
tolerance, or type 2 diabetes, who are planning to have large volume liposuction performed
at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C., may be eligible for this study.
For a subject to be accepted into this study, she must first meet with the plastic surgeons
at Georgetown University Medical Center, and they have to agree to perform large volume
liposuction. The decision that someone is suitable for liposuction is not under the control
of the NIH or of any NIH investigator.
Those enrolled will undergo the following procedures at four separate times - before
undergoing liposuction, 4 weeks after surgery, 4 months after surgery and 1 year after
surgery:
- Body measurements - taken with calipers to measure several skinfold thicknesses (the
width of a fat fold) and with a tape measure to measure the circumference of parts of
the body.
- Urine sample and 6-hour urine collection - to test for pregnancy and to evaluate kidney
function.
- Glucose tolerance test - measures insulin sensitivity and how the body uses sugar, how
well insulin works, and insulin sensitivity. The procedure involves placement of two
catheters (thin, flexible tubes) through a needle into a vein in each arm. Sugar water
is infused into one catheter and 20 minutes into the test a small amount of insulin is
injected. Blood samples are drawn from the other catheter at frequent intervals for a
total of 5 hours.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography - measure the heart's electrical activity
and function.
- Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan - produces images for measuring body fat in
the abdomen. (not done at the 4-week visit). Takes about half an hour to complete.
- DXA X-ray - measures body fat, muscle and bone mineral content. Takes about half an
hour to complete.
- Bod Pod - capsule-like device used to determine the proportion of body weight composed
of fat and non-fat tissue. Takes less than 10 minutes
- Bioelectric impedance analysis device - measures the proportions of body fat based on
electrical conduction of a small electric current. Takes 2-3 minutes.
- 24-hour blood pressure monitoring - a device attached to a blood pressure cuff strapped
to the arm measures blood pressure every 15 to 30 minutes continuously for 24 hours.
- Vascular reactivity tests - a blood pressure cuff is inflated for about 4 minutes
before deflating, providing information on the function of the small blood vessels in
the skin, as well as an idea of the function level of small blood vessels elsewhere in
the body. Takes half an hour.
- Blood samples - collected to evaluate kidney and liver function and to measure body
lipids, such as cholesterol, minerals, and other substances.
Obesity is a major predisposing factor for future Type 2 diabetes because it is often
associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance has
been suggested as the common link for other aspects of the cardiac dysmetabolic syndrome
that includes hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and macrovascular arterial disease. There
are racial disparities in the prevalence of both obesity and Type 2 diabetes: Compared with
non-Hispanic Caucasians, African American women have almost twice the prevalence of
overweight, obesity, and Type 2 diabetes.
Because data from predominantly Caucasian populations suggest that the quantity of truncal
(sometimes called upper body) adipose tissue, which includes the adipose tissue surrounding
the abdominal viscera, is far more important for risk stratification than that found in the
limbs or buttocks, which contain subcutaneous adipose tissue, it has been presumed that
attempts at treatment of obesity should concentrate on reducing visceral fat. However,
despite their greater risks for the complications of obesity, African Americans have less
visceral abdominal adipose tissue than Caucasians matched for body weight. Further, recent
metabolic studies suggest that upper body subcutaneous adipose tissue may play a significant
role, particularly for African Americans, in the comorbid metabolic conditions associated
with obesity.
With the advent of the large volume liposuction technique, selective removal of substantial
quantities of subcutaneous adipose tissue has become possible. It is unknown whether the
complications of obesity can be ameliorated by removal of subcutaneous adipose tissue, but
one preliminary study suggests that fasting hyperinsulinism can be improved by this
approach.
We propose to conduct a pilot study of 10 patients (five Caucasians and five
African-Americans) who plan to undergo liposuction. We will investigate how large volume
liposuction affects the metabolic complications of obesity in overweight patients who have
hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes. We will investigate the
effects of liposuction on various indices of the cardiac dysmetabolic syndrome by performing
studies of insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism at four time points: before large volume
liposuction, 1 month after liposuction, 4 months after liposuction, and 1 year after
liposuction. At each visit we will study body composition, blood pressure, cardiac function,
dietary habits, insulin insensitivity, free fatty acids, and lipid profiles.
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