View clinical trials related to Helminthiasis.
Filter by:Cheap and effective drugs called 'anthelmintics' are routinely administered to children in developing countries to eliminate infections by parasitic helminths. However, the effects of anthelmintic treatment on other pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses, protozoa) remain unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of anthelmintic treatment on the incidence of viral- and bacterial-induced diarrhea in school children in southern Vietnam. Diarrheal disease remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in children in Vietnam, and these children are typically co-infected with intestinal helminths. As helminths and diarrheal pathogens infect the same intestinal niche, anthelmintic treatments may alter host immune responses and the composition of the gut microbiota in ways that affect infection and disease risks caused by diarrheal pathogens. This study will recruit 350 helminth-infected and 350 helminth-uninfected children aged 6-15 years. Recruited children will be randomized to receive either anthelmintic or placebo treatment once every three months and will be monitored for incidences of diarrheal disease for 12 months. At the 12-month time point, all children will receive anthelmintic treatment. Blood and stool samples will be collected throughout the study and used for evaluation of anemia and host immune responses, and for classification of gut microbes and parasite detection, respectively. The interventional study proposed here will provide an important first test of whether anthelmintic treatments have any indirect effects on infections caused by diarrheal pathogens.
This is a matched-cohort study designed to assess the health impact of a rural demand-driven water and sanitation intervention that provides piped treated water and household level pour-flush latrines and bathing rooms, as implemented by Gram Vikas.
Infections with soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) occur throughout the developing world and remain a major public health problem in the poorest communities. Preventive chemotherapy (PC) programs in which single-dose albendazole 400 mg or single-dose mebendazole 500 mg - the drugs of choice for STH - are administered at the population level, is the main strategy for STH control. To ensure quality, these drugs are being widely donated by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) (albendazole (ALB), Zentel) and Johnson & Johnson (mebendazole (MEB), Vermox). In addition to this, there are a wide variety of ALB and MEB tablets available on the local market. Although little is known about the quality of anthelmintics sold for human use, several publications have reported variability in the quality of generic anthelmintics used in veterinary medicine. The main objective of the present study is to compare the efficacy of two ALB brands bought on the local market, including OVIS (Korea, DAEHWA pharmaceutical) and BENDEX (India, Cipla)
Mucosal immunology during helminth infection
The mainstay of control of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) is school-based deworming but recent modelling has highlights that in all but low very transmission settings, the treatment of school-aged children is unlikely to interrupt transmission, and that new treatment strategies are required. This study seeks to answer the question: is it possible to interrupt the transmission of STH and if so, what is the most cost-effective treatment strategy and delivery system to achieve this goal? In this study, two paired community cluster randomised trials in different settings in Kenya will evaluate the impact and cost-effectiveness of annual school-based deworming, annual community-based deworming, and biannual community-based deworming. The interventions are (i) annual mass anthelmintic treatment delivered either to pre-school and school-aged children, as part of a national school-based deworming programme, or to the entire community delivered by community health workers. The primary outcome measure is the prevalence of hookworm infection (the most common STH species), assessed by periodic cross-sectional, age-stratified parasitological surveys. Secondary outcomes include intensity of hookworm, prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment coverage, and among a randomly selected sub-sample of participants who will be followed longitudinally, worm burden and proportion of eggs unfertilised. A nested process evaluation, using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and a stakeholder analysis will investigate the community acceptability, feasibility given the local and regional health system structures and processes, and scale-up of the interventions.
The purpose of this study is to measure whether a combined water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention leads to improved health of children who did not receive the intervention themselves and who live within a close vicinity of intervention recipients.
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the combination of mebendazole plus quinfamide for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis and amoebiasis in Mexican population.
The purpose of this study is to determine the health impact of a basic sanitation intervention in Maputo, Mozambique.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe disease and a major cause of death in many people worldwide. It is caused by a bacteria that enters through the lungs and can spread elsewhere in the body. People with latent TB have the bacteria that lie dormant but can become active and cause disease. These people are offered treatment to prevent development of active TB. Worldwide, a lot of people with LTBI also have a parasitic worm called a helminth that can stay in the gut or the blood. These parasites can affect the immune system and cause diseases like TB to become worse. Researchers want to see how helminth infection makes it harder for people to fight TB infection. Objectives: - To study how the immune system of people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) acts to prevent development of active TB. Also, to study how helminth infection might affect this immune response. Eligibility: - Adults age 18 70 with LTBI as defined by an approved blood test called QuantiFERON TB Gold. - No evidence of infections like Hepatitis or HIV - Pregnant subjects and subjects taking medications that suppress the immune system are not eligible. - Have not received prior treatment for LTBI. Participants might be still eligible if prior treatment for active TB has been received Design: Screening phase: - Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, and blood tests for other infections/conditions which might affect the immune system. They will have testing for active TB i.e. blood testing as well as testing of their spit, scans and X-rays. Baseline phase: - Only eligible participants will be entered into the study. - Participants will have interviews, medical history, and physical exam. - Blood will be drawn from an arm vein for testing. - Participants will collect stool samples at home for 3 days in a row to test for helminth infection.. - Participants may have apheresis. Blood cells are removed by needle. They pass through a separator machine which returns everything but the cells back to the participant. - Participants may have procedures at the start and end of the study that let researchers look into the lungs and collect cells. Study phase, about 2 years: - All participants will be offered treatment for LTBI which lasts 6-9 months. - Participants being treated for LTBI will have about 11 study visits. They will visit monthly for 9 months while on treatment, then 6 and 12 months after treatment. - Participants not eligible/refusing treatment for LTBI will be made aware of active TB, then have 3 other visits, about 6, 12, and 24 months after the baseline visit. - Participants who have helminth infection will receive appropriate treatment. - All participants will have blood drawn at each visit.
NIDIAG is an international collaboration on integrated diagnosis-treatment platforms, funded by the European Commission (EC). NIDIAG aims to develop an improved, patient-centred system for delivering primary health care in resource-constrained settings. NIDIAG will investigate three clinical syndromes, namely (i) persistent digestive disorders, (ii) persistent fever and (iii) neurological disorders, due to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The current study focuses on persistent digestive disorders, which are defined as diarrhoea or abdominal pain that last for at least 2 weeks. While acute diarrhoea has been studied globally, few research activities have focused on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of long-lasting diarrhoeal episodes (2 weeks and longer) in the tropics. The spectrum of possibly involved pathogens includes more than 30 bacterial, parasitic and viral infectious agents. This lack of data may be explained by the fact that people suffering from NTDs might only seek care at a late stage of the disease. Furthermore, health systems in affected regions are often weak and their primary health-care centres are often under-staffed and lack essential diagnostic equipment. The hypothesis of this study is that development of an evidence-based syndromic approach can lead to better diagnosis and management of NTDs in patients with persistent digestive disorders. The study will be carried out in two West African countries (Côte d'Ivoire and Mali) and in two Asian countries (Indonesia and Nepal). The study will follow a "case-control" design and patients and controls will be prospectively enrolled. In order to address the knowledge gaps, three specific objectives will be pursued. First, the contribution of NTDs to the 'persistent digestive disorders syndrome' will be assessed. Second, the value of clinical features and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of target NTDs that give rise to persistent digestive disorders will be determined. Third, the clinical response to standard empiric and targeted treatment of several NTDs in patients with persistent digestive disorders will be evaluated. These objectives will provide a long-term benefit for the communities by improving the clinical decision-making process for the target NTDs and thus, better diagnostic work-up and patient management can be achieved in the study countries and other similar resource-constrained countries