Impact of Exercise on Immune System and Metabolism in Football Players

Healthy Clinical Trial

— IEISM  

Official title:

The Influence of Physical Exercise on Chosen Parameters of the Immune System, Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance, and Iron Metabolism in Football Players With Various Training Levels

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06201052
• Other study ID #: 382/2017
• Status: Completed
• Start date: February 1, 2017
• Est. completion date: November 15, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: December 2023
• Source: Poznan University of Physical Education
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Physical exercise, especially of high intensity, is a significant burden to the athlete's body. It should be emphasized that achieving high results in competitive sports requires significant, sometimes extreme, exercise loads during training, which may result in homeostasis disorders, adversely affecting athletes' fitness. Intense and prolonged physical exercise elevates reactive oxygen species, potentially impacting immune function. The mechanism, particularly in high-intensity activities, remains incompletely understood. Excessive oxygen radicals may induce metabolic changes, causing rapid erythrocyte damage and elevated redox-active free iron. This iron increase can be harmful, increasing oxidative stress and immune system activation. The sustained negative impact that may be observed even during post-workout recovery needs further exploration.

"This study aims to explain the impact of an intense exercise test on the immune system, pro-antioxidant balance, and iron metabolism in athletes with varying training levels. The primary questions it seeks to address are:

1. How do athletes' experience and training background influence the immune system's response, pro-antioxidant balance, and iron regulation?

2. Can the level of adaptation to physical exercise (training status) affect the rate of regeneration and the time required to return to pre-exercise homeostasis?"

Description:

The study included 40 football players (19 juniors and 21 seniors). The average training experience for junior players was 8.37 years, and for the senior group, it was 16.4 years. All athletes underwent the Multistage 20-meter shuttle run test (Beep Test). Players were informed about the test procedures and additionally motivated by the trainer to exert maximum effort. Each attempt was preceded by a warm-up, consisting of a 5-minute low-intensity jog. The Beep Test was supervised by the Team trainer using a program as a monitoring tool to examine changes in the level of cardio-respiratory fitness across all age groups. Blood samples were collected at rest, before the exercise test, then 1 minute after the end of the exercise test, after 3 hours of recovery, and finally, after 24 hours. Blood was drawn from the antecubital vein, with 12 ml collected each time.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 40
• Est. completion date: November 15, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: May 10, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 22 Years to 37 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Competitive football training for at least 3 years

• Male

• Not taking any medications throughout the study

• Provide voluntary consent for participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any healthy problems

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Healthy

Intervention

Other:
• Exercise test
Beep Test for measuring aerobic power

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Poland	Poznan University of Physical Education	Poznan

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Poznan University of Physical Education	Nicolaus Copernicus University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Poland, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Changes in iron level	marker of iron management	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in UIBC	marker of iron management	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in TIBC	marker of iron management	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in hepcidin	marker of iron management	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in lactoferrin	marker of iron management	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in IL-6	marker of immune system	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in IL-10	marker of immune system	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in TNF-a	marker of immune response	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in tryptophan	marker of immune response	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in IGF-1	marker of hormonal response	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in testosterone	marker of hormonal response	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in cortisol	marker of hormonal response	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in serotonin	marker of neurohormonal response	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.
Primary	Changes in myoglobin	marker of muscle damage	At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.