High-Intensity Interval Training and Performance

Healthy Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effects of Plyometric- and Cycle-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition, Aerobic Capacity, and Muscle Function in Young Females: a Field-based Group Fitness Assessment

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05821504
• Other study ID #: 2022-0465
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: August 1, 2018
• Est. completion date: November 21, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: June 2023
• Source: Kennesaw State University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The goal of this clinical trial was to compare to different types of high-intensity interval training in young, healthy females. The main questions were: Will changes in body composition differ between the two interventions? Will changes in endurance and muscle performance differ between the two interventions? Participants were randomized to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training involving body weight, plyometric exercises or cycling only. Researchers compared changes in endurance performance, body composition, and muscle performance to determine if there were differences between groups.

Description:

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- and cycle-oriented high-intensity interval training on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of twice weekly plyometric (n = 15) or cycling (n = 15) high-intensity interval training. The plyometric-oriented Les Mills BODYATTACK program was used for the plyometric group whereas Les Mills SPRINT, which exclusively involves stationary cycling, represented the cycling group. Both protocols involved alternating high-intensity and recovery intervals, and participants were consistently instructed to give maximal effort during the 'work' periods.

The 30 min plyometric routines included four blocks of high-intensity exercise intervals. The 'work' portions consisted of the following exercises: high-knee runs, plyometric lunges, jumping jacks, squat jumps, burpees, and speed-agility patterns. The recovery periods consisted of complete rest (transitioning between exercises), a light jog, or a low impact stepping motion. On average, participants were instructed to give maximal effort for 1-2 min, with recovery intervals of 15-45 sec. Four separate routines were used throughout the duration of the study, keeping one routine per week; participants completed each routine a total of 4 times within a session.

The 30 min cycling routines were performed on upright stationary bikes (Schwinn, AC Performance, Chicago, IL). Protocols involved 'work' ranging from 20-80 sec with recovery intervals between 10-60 sec. Recovery intervals consisted of complete rest on bike or particularly slow cycling. Resistance and cycling speed were relatively variable across sessions, with some intervals of higher resistance and lower speed and others involving lower resistance and higher speed (e.g., >120 RPMs). The same four workouts were used throughout the duration of the study alternating each week.

Body composition (4-compartment model), VO2peak, countermovement jump performance, muscle size and echo intensity (muscle quality) as well as strength and power of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured before and after training. Body composition testing was completing using dual-energy x-ray absorpiometry, air displacement plethysmogrphay, and bioeletrical impedance. VO2peak was measured using a standardized maximal exercise test on a treadmill. Countermovement jump height and power was recorded with participants performing jumps on a force plate. Muscle size and quality were determined using non-invasive ultrasonography. Finally, serum growth hormone responses to the VO2peak test were measured before and after the protocols.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 30
• Est. completion date: November 21, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: November 21, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 35 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Between 18-35 years of age

• Female

• Currently participating in 2-4 days of structured exercise for 30-75 minutes for the last 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• Currently participating in these exercise formats (2x/week within last 3 months)

• Engaging in high intensity interval training for more than 30 min/week

• Have diagnosed disorders/diseases in the following: cardiovascular, pulmonary, immunological, or metabolic

• Current musculoskeletal injuries

• Pregnant or think you may be pregnant

• Currently taking any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s) or steroidal drug(s)

• Currently a smoker or has consistently smoked within the last year

• Has a positive written or verbal pre-study drug screen including alcohol (more than 7 drinks/week), THC/cannabinoids, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opioids, phencyclidine, barbiturates, cotinine.

• Currently taking any medication that will significantly affect your heart rate response to exercise

• If you miss four or more classes, you will be excluded from the study

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Healthy

Intervention

Behavioral:
• High-Intensity Interval Training
The training intervention is a popular exercise format that consist of alternating brief bouts of high-intensity efforts with bouts of light effort or complete rest.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Kennesaw State University	Kennesaw	Georgia

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Kennesaw State University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Weekly exercising heart rate	A descriptor of the exercise physiological intensity for both protocols	during 8-week exercise intervention
Other	Weekly exercising perceived effort	Perceived intensity derived from the rating of perceived exertion scale	during 8-week exercise intervention
Other	Calorie consumption at baseline	Amount of calories consumed at beginning and end of protocol	Pre-intervention
Other	Calorie consumption after 8-week intervention	Amount of calories consumed at beginning and end of protocol	At week 9
Other	Protein consumption at baseline	Amount of protein consumed at beginning and end of protocol	Pre-intervention
Other	Protein consumption after 8-week intervention	Amount of protein consumed at beginning and end of protocol	At week 9
Other	Peak heart during maximal testing at baseline	The highest heart rate attained during maximal exercise testing	Pre-intervention
Other	Peak heart during maximal testing after 8-week intervention	The highest heart rate attained during maximal exercise testing	At week 9
Primary	Muscle composition at baseline	echo-intensity value derived from ultrasound that indicates the amount of fat infiltration in muscle	Pre-intervention
Primary	Muscle composition after 8-week intervention	echo-intensity value derived from ultrasound that indicates the amount of fat infiltration in muscle	At week 9
Secondary	Fat mass at baseline	Amount of fat tissue a person possesses	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Fat mass after 8-week intervention	Amount of fat tissue a person possesses	At week 9
Secondary	Group average growth hormone response (concentration at microLiters/Liters) at baseline	The acute, exercise-induced response for growth hormone	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Group average growth hormone response (concentration at microLiters/Liters) after 8-week intervention	The acute, exercise-induced response for growth hormone	At week 9
Secondary	Countermovement jump height at baseline	Height of jump	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Countermovement jump height after 8-week intervention	Height of jump	At week 9
Secondary	Time to peak torque at baseline	How quickly muscle torque is generated	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Time to peak torque after 8-week intervention	How quickly muscle torque is generated	At week 9
Secondary	Maximal oxygen consumption at baseline	Standard measure of maximal oxygen consumption or peak aerobic capacity during exercise	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Maximal oxygen consumption after 8-week intervention	Standard measure of maximal oxygen consumption or peak aerobic capacity during exercise	At week 9
Secondary	Body fat percentage at baseline	Relative amount of body fat a person possesses	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Body fat percentage after 8-week intervention	Relative amount of body fat a person possesses	At week 9
Secondary	Fat-free mass at baseline	Amount of non-fat tissue a person possesses	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Fat-free mass after 8-week intervention	Amount of non-fat tissue a person possesses	At week 9
Secondary	Peak torque at baseline	Strength of a muscle	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Peak torque after 8-week intervention	Strength of a muscle	At week 9
Secondary	Muscle cross-sectional area at baseline	The size of a muscle	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Muscle cross-sectional area after 8-week intervention	The size of a muscle	At week 9
Secondary	Muscle power at baseline	Product of torque and velocity as determined on a dynamometer	Pre-intervention
Secondary	Muscle power after 8-week intervention	Product of torque and velocity as determined on a dynamometer	At week 9