Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Primary |
Change in overt tapping accuracy as assessed by finger tapping to a flashing cue at 1Hz speed |
During the MRI session, accuracy on overt tapping will be measured by the distance of the actual tapping rate vs. target rate (1Hz). Accuracy at baseline will be compared to that of final assessment, which will take place before and after neurofeedback training, respectively. The difference in accuracy between the two tests create a delta measure (i.e., fewer errors in the final vs. baseline tests). This delta accuracy will indicate the magnitude of tapping accuracy improvements. Root mean squared error (RMSE) is the measure for both the baseline and post-treatment behavioral tasks. RMSE will be based on the actual number of taps per second relative to the expected number of taps per second (e.g., 1 tap for 1Hz). Then post treatment RMSE minus baseline RMSE will determine a delta RMSE. A higher RMSE signifies greater error. For the delta measure, it is expected, lower scores reflect greater improvement on the task. |
Baseline and MRI duration, up to 1 hour |
|
| Primary |
Change in overt tapping accuracy as assessed by finger tapping to a flashing cue at 4Hz speed |
During the MRI session, accuracy on overt tapping will be measured by the distance of the actual tapping rate vs. target rate (4Hz). Accuracy at baseline will be compared to that of final assessment, which will take place before and after neurofeedback training, respectively. The difference in accuracy between the two tests create a delta measure (i.e., fewer errors in the final vs. baseline tests). This delta accuracy will indicate the magnitude of tapping accuracy improvements. RMSE (root mean squared error) is the measure for both the baseline and post-treatment behavioral tasks. RMSE will be based on the actual number of taps per second relative to the expected number of taps per second (e.g., 4 taps for 4Hz). Then post treatment RMSE minus baseline RMSE will determine a delta RMSE. A higher RMSE signifies greater error. For the delta measure, it is expected, lower scores reflect greater improvement on the task. |
Baseline and MRI duration, up to 1 hour |
|
| Primary |
Change in at-home overt tapping accuracy as assessed by finger tapping to a flashing cue at 1Hz speed |
Accuracy at baseline will be compared to that of final assessment, which will take place before and after the 3-week at-home practice sessions, respectively. The delta measure will indicate the magnitude of tapping accuracy improvements. Groups will be compared to examine differences in delta as a function of practice condition (imagery only, tapping only, or imagery plus tapping). At-home tapping performance will be compared to MRI tapping performance. RMSE (root mean squared error) is the measure for both the baseline and post-treatment behavioral tasks. RMSE will be based on the actual number of taps per second relative to the expected number of taps per second (e.g., 1 tap for 1Hz). Then post treatment RMSE minus baseline RMSE will determine a delta RMSE. A higher RMSE signifies greater error. For the delta measure, it is expected, lower scores reflect greater improvement on the task. |
Baseline and At-home sessions (10 minutes/day), up to 23 days |
|
| Primary |
Change in at-home overt tapping accuracy as assessed by finger tapping to a flashing cue at 4Hz speed |
Accuracy at baseline will be compared to that of final assessment, which will take place before and after the 3-week at-home practice sessions, respectively. The delta measure will indicate the magnitude of tapping accuracy improvements. Groups will be compared to examine differences in delta as a function of practice condition (imagery only, tapping only, or imagery plus tapping). At-home tapping performance will be compared to MRI tapping performance. RMSE (root mean squared error) is the measure for both the baseline and post-treatment behavioral tasks. RMSE will be based on the actual number of taps per second relative to the expected number of taps per second (e.g., 4 taps for 4Hz). Then post treatment RMSE minus baseline RMSE will determine a delta RMSE. A higher RMSE signifies greater error. For the delta measure, it is expected, lower scores reflect greater improvement on the task. |
Baseline and At-home sessions (10 minutes/day), up to 23 days |
|
| Secondary |
The correlation between MRI BOLD and finger tapping accuracy to a flashing cue at 1Hz as assessed by a correlation coefficient |
This will assess the correlation between MRI Blood Oxygen Level Dependence (BOLD) and finger tapping accuracy by a correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1, where the closer the coefficient is to -1 indicates a strong negative association and the closer the coefficient is to 1 indicates a strong positive association. |
MRI duration, up to 1 hour |
|
| Secondary |
The correlation between MRI BOLD and finger tapping accuracy to a flashing cue at 4Hz as assessed by a correlation coefficient |
This will assess the correlation between MRI BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependence) and finger tapping accuracy by a correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient ranging from -1 to 1, where the closer the coefficient is to -1 indicates a negative association and the closer the coefficient is to 1 indicates a strong positive association. |
MRI duration, up to 1 hour |
|
| Secondary |
The correlation between the KVIQ and imagery accuracy of the slider bar from target on the MRI task as assessed by a correlation coefficient |
The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ), overall score ranging from 0-100, where higher scores reflect more vivid imagery) will assess imagery vividness. This will be correlated with the image accuracy measures described in Secondary Outcome Measure 5'. |
Up to 1.5 hours |
|
| Secondary |
The correlation between the ICARS and imagery accuracy of the slider bar from target on the MRI task as assessed by a correlation coefficient |
The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), overall score ranging from 0-100, where higher scores indicate more severe neurological impairment) will assess neurological impairments. This will be correlated with image accuracy measures described in 'Secondary Outcome Measure 5'. |
Up to 1.5 hours |
|
