Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
Acute Effects of R- and S-MDMA in Healthy Subjects
Racemic ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a psychoactive substance and prototypical empathogen acutely inducing feelings of heightened mood, empathy, trust and closeness to others. These acute subjective effects of MDMA may be helpful to assist psychotherapy and MDMA is currently investigated in phase 3 trials as a possible treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder.
MDMA is a racemic substance containing equal amounts of the enantiomers S(+)- and R(-)-MDMA. Preclinical research indicates that S-MDMA mainly releases dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and oxytocin while R-MDMA may act more directly on 5-HT2A receptors and release prolactin. Animal studies also indicate that the two enantiomers act synergistically to produce the subjective effects of MDMA and that S-MDMA is mainly responsible for psychostimulation while R-MDMA may have fewer adverse effects and have greater prosocial effects. However, acute effects of S- and R-MDMA have never been validly examined in a human study. Therefore, the present study compares acute responses to R-MDMA, S-MDMA, MDMA, and placebo in a cross-over study in healthy subjects. ;
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