Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
New York Posture Rating Scale (NYPR) |
The NYPR applies a quantitative approach to assess proper and improper alignment of various body segments for an individual in the anatomical position. The NYPR published in 1958 includes a set of three figure drawings for each of 13 body alignment segments contributing to overall postural alignment. The 13 body alignment segments include posterior views of the head, shoulders, spine, hip, feet, and arches, and lateral (left side) views of the neck, chest, shoulders, upper back, trunk, abdomen, and lower back. Short verbal descriptions are provided to indicate the visual cues to use as criteria in deciding the score. In this original version, each body segment was scored 5 (correct posture), 3 (slight deviation), or 1 (pronounced deviation). The standard evaluation criteria developed for this test were determined as "very good" if the total score was =45, "good" if 40-44, "moderate" if 30-39, "poor" if 20-29 and "bad" if =19. |
Baseline |
|
Primary |
Single leg stance test (SLS) |
SLS test is used to assess static balance control. Participants will be asked to stand on a hard floor, on one leg without using any assistive devices, and without support from any surface. SLS times of the participants will be recorded in seconds with the stopwatch and the test will be repeated for both feet. |
Baseline |
|
Primary |
Flamingo Balance Test (FBT) |
The FBT indicates static balance that is simplicity, low cost and it is capable for mass investigations. In this test the participant is standing on his preferred foot, bends his free leg backwards and grips the back of the foot with hand on the same side, standing like a flamingo. The measurement time was kept for one minute. The electronic chronometer was stopped as soon as the participant lost balance or touched the ground. The balance was restored and the electronic chronometer was continued until one minute has passed. Score: Attempts to keep balance within one minute were recorded. |
Baseline |
|
Primary |
Modified Star Excursion Balance Test (Y-Balance Test) (MSEBT) |
The MSEBT is a screening tool commonly used to evaluate lower extremity dynamic stability, neuromuscular control, and injury risk in athletes. It is also used to monitor rehabilitation progress after injury. The SEBT is performed by having the participant stand on one leg and extend the other leg away from their body in eight different directions. |
Baseline |
|
Primary |
The Short Form health survey with 36 questions (SF-36) |
SF-36 is a well-documented scoring system that has been widely used and validated as a quality of life assessment tool for the general population. Multi-item scales have been developed to represent aspects of the following eight physical and mental health domains: Physical Functioning (PF), Role Physical (RP), Bodily Pain (BP), General Health (GH), Vitality (VT), Social Functioning (SF), Role Emotional (RE), and Mental Health (MH). Its most obvious superiority is measuring physical function and related abilities. Subscales evaluate health between 0 and 100, and 0 indicates "bad health", 100 indicates "good health"[9]. |
Baseline |
|
Primary |
Thomas Test |
The Thomas Test (also known as Iliacus Test or Iliopsoas Test) is used to measure the flexibility of the hip flexors, which includes the iliopsoas muscle group, the rectus femoris, pectineus, gracillis as well as the tensor fascia latae and the sartorius.The patient should be supine on the examination table, maximally flex both knees, using both arms to ensure that the lumbar spine is flexed and flat on the table and avoids an anterior tilt of the pelvis.The patient then lowers the tested limb toward the table, whilst the contralateral hip and knee is still held in maximal flexion to stabilize the pelvis and flatten out the lumbar lordosis. The length of the iliopsoas is measured by the angle of the hip flexion. |
Baseline |
|
Primary |
Sit and Reach Test |
The Sit and reach test is one of the linear flexibility tests which helps to measure the extensibility of the hamstrings and lower back. Clients/Patients should perform a short warm-up prior to this test with some gentle stretches. The participant's shoes should be removed. A yardstick is placed on the floor and tape is placed across it at a right angle to the 15 inches mark. The client/patient sits with the yardstick between the legs, with the legs extended at right angles to the taped line on the floor. Heels of the feet should touch the edge of the taped line and be about 10 to 12 inches apart.The client/patient should slowly reach forward with extended arms, placing one hand on top of the other facing palms down, as far as possible, holding this position for approximately 2 seconds. The score is the most distant point (cm or in) reached with the fingertips. The best of three trials should be recorded. |
Baseline |
|
Primary |
Active Straight Leg Raise Test (SLR) |
The Straight Leg Raise (SLR) is the most commonly used test, which can be carried out either passively or actively. During the passive SLR (PSLR), the athlete lays supine while one tester moves the lower limb to be tested in hip flexion with the knee fully extended and the ankle relaxed. A second tester measures hamstring flexibility with either a goniometer or an inclinometer, and a third tester might be needed to stabilize the pelvis and the non-tested limb. This test is reliable in assessing hamstring flexibility. |
Baseline |
|