RibOSE - Glucose and Resistance Exercise Training

Healthy Clinical Trial

— RibOSE  

Official title:

RibOSE - Effects of Glucose Ingestion During Resistance Exercise Training on Ribosomal Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04545190
• Other study ID #: Trainome#024_2020
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 1, 2020
• Est. completion date: December 20, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: February 2021
• Source: Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of ingesting glucose during five bouts of resistance exercise on muscle biological charateristics in m. vastus lateralis of moderately trained healthy individuals (20-45 years of age, n=20)

Description:

Muscular responses to resistance training vary extensively between humans, with many showing impaired growth. In such individuals, cellular plasticity is compromised, leading to reduced functional and health-beneficial outcomes of training. While this is likely due to a range of determinants, including epigenetic, genetic and physiological variables, recent studies suggest that it involves reduced ability to produce novel ribosomes in response to training. This eventually leads to less pronounced increases in protein synthesis, and thus decreased growth rates, and makes ribosomal content in muscle a potential proxy marker for training-associated muscle hypertrophy.

In a recent study, the investigators showed that increased resistance training volume was associated with more pronounced muscle growth, a trait that was associated with increased ribosomal biogenesis. Despite this, ~50 % of the participants did not exhibit true beneficial effects of increased training volume, which in turn coincided with reduced abilities to accumulate ribosomes. In such individuals, other means are likely necessary to circumvent the negative influence of genetic and epigenetic predispositions on muscle plasticity. Nutrient supplementation stand out as a potential therapy. However, at present, knowledge with regard to this perspective is limited to a selected few nutrients, with protein ingestion being the best studied potential adjuvant, for which adequate intake seems to be essential for achieving optimal muscle growth, potentially being interconnected with ribosomal synthesis. For other nutrients, such as glucose, little is know about their importance for muscle plasticity and ribosomal biogenesis.

In cell types such as cultivated kidney cells, exposure to high levels of glucose is an efficient mean to increase ribosomal biogenesis (and growth rates). This suggests that glucose is an important signaling molecule for increasing ribosomal production per se, perhaps acting as a ligand for signaling proteins or by acting to increase energy availability. In the human body (as opposed to cultured cells), glucose may also exert growth-stimulating effects by increasing insulin levels in blood. Overall, it thus seems plausible that glucose intake during resistance training may stimulate ribosomal biogenesis, in turn having beneficial effects for protein synthesis and muscle plasticity, perhaps acting in an additive manner to protein supplementation. At present, we do not know if this is the case, though studies have suggested that glucose ingestion during acute resistance training sessions may reduce training-induced muscle damage without affecting within-session work output (i.e. volume). This lack of knowledge is surprising given the long-standing appreciation of the beneficial effects of glucose intake for endurance performance, acting to delay muscular fatigue.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 16
• Est. completion date: December 20, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: December 20, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 20 Years to 45 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Non-smoking

• Moderately trained (i.e. having performed 2-8 resistance training sessions per 14 days for the last six months)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not able to understand Norwegian

• Unstable cardiovascular disease

• Illness or injury contradicting heavy strength training

• Disabling musculoskeletal disease

• Serious mental illness

• Allergy to local anaesthesia

• Impaired glucose tolerance

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Healthy

Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
• Glucose
To investigate the effects of glucose intake during resistance training on muscle biological adaptations

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Norway	Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences	Lillehammer

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Norway, 

References & Publications (1)

Hammarström D, Øfsteng S, Koll L, Hanestadhaugen M, Hollan I, Apró W, Whist JE, Blomstrand E, Rønnestad BR, Ellefsen S. Benefits of higher resistance-training volume are related to ribosome biogenesis. J Physiol. 2020 Feb;598(3):543-565. doi: 10.1113/JP278455. Epub 2020 Jan 15. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Training diary	Training volume (total kg lifted) during each day of the intervention	During each training session of the intervention
Other	Body mass composition	Body mass composition measured using DXA	Prior to the intervention
Other	Dietary registration	Nutritional intake during each day of the intervention, tracked using MyFitnessPal	During each day of the intervention
Other	Unilateral lower body maximal strength	The ability of muscles of the lower body to exert maximal force during dynamic movements	Before the intervention
Other	Blind test glucose vs placebo comparators	The ability to discriminate between glucose and placebo beverages, tested after the training intervention using a blinded randomized design: each participant will ingest six beverages (3 x glucose and 3 x placebo) and will be asked to identify theam as either glucose or placebo. The "ability to discriminate" will be determined based on analyses of the full study population	Immediately after the intervention
Other	Deuterium in spit	Deuterium levels in spit on each day during the intervention measured using chromatography/spectrometry (sampled prior to each training session)	On each day of the intervention
Other	Fasting blood glucose	Fasting blood glucose measured in serum, measured before the intervention and prior to training on the last two days of the intervention	Before the intervention and immediately after the intervention
Primary	Total RNA in muscle tissue	Total RNA content in m. vastus lateralis (ug per mg tissue)	Before the intervention and immediately after the intervention (i.e. after 5 training sessions of each leg)
Secondary	Ribosomal RNA in skeletal muscle	Abundances of ribosomal RNA species in m. vastus lateralis measured using qPCR	Before the intervention and immediately after the intervention (i.e. after 5 training sessions of each leg)
Secondary	Protein in skeletal muscle	Abundances of protein species in m. vastus lateralis measured using Western blotting (e.g. ECM proteins)	Before the intervention and immediately after the intervention (i.e. after 5 training sessions of each leg)
Secondary	Gene expression in skeletal muscle	Abundances of mRNA species in m. vastus lateralis measured using qPCR	Before the intervention and immediately after the intervention (i.e. after 5 training sessions of each leg)
Secondary	Muscle fractional synthesis rate	Protein synthesis rate measured using heavy water (deuterium) and chromatography/spectrometry	Immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Glucose in blood, after glucose/placebo intake	Glucose concentrations in blood (area under the curve), measured before and after intake of glucose/placebo on the two final days of the intervention (one day = glucose; one day = placebo)	Immediately before glucose/placebo intake and 30 min, 45 min, 60 min and 195 min after initial glucose/placebo intake
Secondary	Glucose in blood (after protein intake)	Glucose concentrations in blood (area under the curve), measured before and after intake of protein on the two final days of the intervention	Immediately before protein intake and 45 min and 90 min after protein intake
Secondary	Hormone concentrations in blood (after glucose/placebo intake)	Abundances of insulin, c-peptide, testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol and inflammatory markers in blood (area under the curve), measured before and after intake of glucose/placebo on the two final days of the intervention (one day = glucose; one day = placebo)	Immediately before glucose/placebo intake and 30 min and 60 min after the initial glucose/placebo intake
Secondary	Hormone concentrations in blood (after protein intake)	Abundances of insulin, c-peptide, testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol and inflammatory markers in blood, measured after intake of protein on the two final days of the intervention	Immediately before protein intake and 90 min after protein intake
Secondary	Unilateral lower body isokinetic muscle strength (during the intervention)	The ability of the knee extensors to exert maximal force during isokinetic movements (recovery/strength), measured before the intervention and at three time points during the intervention (~24 hours after training sessions)	Before the intervention and after the second, fourth and sixth training session
Secondary	Unilateral lower body isokinetic muscle strength (last days of the intervention)	The ability of the knee extensors to exert maximal force during isokinetic movements (recovery/strength), measured before and at three time points after the last two training sessions (one day = glucose; one day = placebo)	Before the last training session and 30 min, 120 min and 24 hours after the last training session
Secondary	Unilateral lower body isometric muscle strength (during the intervention)	The ability of the knee extensors to exert maximal force during isometric actions (recovery/strength), measured before the intervention and at three time points during the intervention (~24 hours after training sessions)	Before the intervention and after the second, fourth and sixth training session
Secondary	Unilateral lower body isometric muscle strength (last days of the intervention)	The ability of the knee extensors to exert maximal force during isometric actions (recovery/strength), measured before and at three time points after the last two training sessions (one day = glucose; one day = placebo)	Before the last training session and 30 min, 120 min and 24 hours after the last training session
Secondary	Perceived muscle soreness (during the intervention)	Muscular soreness measured before the intervention and at three time points during the intervention (~24 hours after training sessions) using a VAS-scale from 0 to 10 (0 = no soreness; 10 = maximal soreness)	Before the intervention and 24 hours after each training session
Secondary	Perceived feeling of the legs (during the intervention)	Feeling of the legs measured immediately after each training session using a 9-point scale (1 = very very good, 9 = very very heavy)	30 min after each training session