Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
The Mineral Water of Vichy and the Urinary Alkalization: A Study of the Dose - Effect of Bicarbonate Salt Water on the Urinary pH in Healthy Volunteers
Vichy water is a type of spring water which traditionally comes from the famous spa town of
Vichy, France. The springs which feed Vichy carry a high amount of dissolved minerals.
Alkaline salts such as sodium bicarbonate are a primary ingredient in Vichy water, along
with calcium and magnesium carbonates.
Bicarbonates alkalinize urine, which is fundamental in preventing and/or diluting uric acid
crystals. These are the main component of the uric acid stones or even oxalate stones, which
generally " use " a crystal of uric acid as nucleus for stone formation. Cystine stones can
also be treated by alkalinizing urine.
Any disorder leading to a low urinary pH ( < 5.5 ) may predispose to stone formation. In
this context , the solution of uric acid and the prevention and treatment of uric acid
stones can be obtained by alkalization of the urine . The ideal alkalization is achieved
when a urinary pH of 6-6.5 can be reached.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the quantity of daily intake of the Vichy water
necessary to obtain this alkalization of the urine. There are no data available in the
literature about the relationship between the absolute quantity of Vichy water taken and the
urinary pH ; nor about the possible influence of the Body Mass Index on this relationship.
Vichy water is a type of spring water which traditionally comes from the famous spa town of
Vichy, France. The springs which feed Vichy carry a high amount of dissolved minerals, and
they create a distinctive naturally effervescent bubbling water. Alkaline salts such as
sodium bicarbonate are a primary ingredient in Vichy water, along with calcium and magnesium
carbonates. The water is sometimes slightly odorous, with substances like sulfur naturally
bubbling up with the water. The water also has a distinct taste, due to the dissolved
minerals.
Bicarbonates alkalinize urine, which is fundamental in preventing and/or diluting uric acid
crystals. These are the main component of the uric acid stones or even oxalate stones ,
which generally " use " a crystal of uric acid as nucleus for stone formation. Cystine
stones can also be treated by alkalinizing urine.
Three conditions influence the potential for uric acid stone formation : the quantitative
excretion of uric acid , the volume of urine as it affects the urinary concentration of uric
acid, and the urinary pH which seems to be the most important pathogenic factor . Uric acid
is a weak acid with a pKa of 5.35 at 37° C . At that pH , half of the uric acid is present
as the urate salt and half as free uric acid . Because sodium urate is approximately 20
times more soluble than the free acid, the relative proportion present as free uric acid
strongly determinates the risk of stone formation . Low urinary pH increases concentrations
of sparingly soluble undissociated uric acid, which leads to direct precipitation of uric
acid .
Any disorder leading to a low urinary pH ( < 5.5 ) may predispose to stone formation. For
example a chronic metabolic acidosis can lead to a low urinary pH, a hypercalciuria and a
hypocitraturia . "Gouty diathesis " refers to a stone - forming propensity characterized by
low urinary pH of unknown etiology with or without associated gouty arthritis.
In this context , the solution of uric acid and the prevention and treatment of uric acid
stones can be obtained by alkalization of the urine. The ideal alkalization is achieved when
a urinary pH of 6-6.5 can be reached.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the quantity of daily intake of the Vichy water
necessary to obtain this alkalization of the urine. There are no data available in the
literature about the relationship between the absolute quantity of Vichy water taken and the
urinary pH ; nor about the possible influence of the Body Mass Index on this relationship.
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Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Basic Science
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