Exergaming Versus Gym-based Exercise for Postural Control, Flow and Technology Acceptance

Healthy Young Adults Clinical Trial

Official title:

Exergaming (XBOX Kinect™) Versus Traditional Gym-based Exercise for Postural Control, Flow and Technology Acceptance in Healthy Adults: a Randomised Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02851017
• Other study ID #: HLS-GB-17-7-16
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: July 27, 2016
• Last updated: August 3, 2016
• Start date: February 2011
• Est. completion date: February 2012

Study information

• Verified date: July 2016
• Source: Northumbria University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United Kingdom: Research Ethics Committee
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Balance training is an important component of physical fitness, however due to the mundane and often repetitive nature of balance training alone this is often forgotten about and as a result people may be more susceptible to postural control instabilities. A potential solution to the mundane aspect of balance training is the use of exergaming (interactive exercise and gaming combined) through the use of commercial gaming systems such as the Nintendo Wii, Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) and more recently the XBOX Kinect. The aim of the investigation was to assess the XBOX Kinect versus traditional balance training on postural control, flow and technology acceptance.

Description:

Exergaming - exercise with the use of an interactive computer-generated environment - is increasingly used in physical rehabilitation. Benefits have been reported in a range of clinical populations (people with neurological problems children with cerebral palsy and learning difficulties, Parkinson' disease, multiple sclerosis and older people. Balance training is an important focus of such rehabilitation. Previous literature regarding the effects of exergaming as a method of balance-training has mainly been conducted using the Nintendo Wii™ and the Wii™ fit where people must stand on a balance board to play the games. Although literature has shown that traditional balance training alone is effective in improving balance in a range of populations, studies comparing exergaming with "traditional" balance exercises (SEBT, trampolines and wobble boards) have shown mixed results from both exergaming and traditional balance training groups improving in postural control outcomes to greater improvement in the exergaming group over traditional balance exercise. A potential reason for the differentiation if results could be due to different movements required in the "traditional" balance exercises rather than there being something inherently different about exercising in a virtual environment. There is also a dearth of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in this area so the evidence base is limited. Furthermore, few have studied the important psychological aspect of exergaming, in particular acceptance and flow experience. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exergaming using the XBOX Kinect™ system, versus, traditional gym-based exercise, with no virtual stimuli (TGB) on: (1) postural control, (2) technology acceptance (3) flow experience and (4) exercise intensity in young healthy adults. Matching of intensity of exercise, in the two groups, was assessed objectively, by Heart Rate and subjectively by Borg RPE during all exercise sessions. To our knowledge this is the first paper to compare the effects of exergaming against matched traditional exercises where the movement patterns, intensity and physiological demand was matched and assessed across groups.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 44
• Est. completion date: February 2012
• Est. primary completion date: December 2011
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years to 50 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female,

• Aged 18-50 years,

• Physically active (three or more moderate-vigorous physical activity sessions per week), free from injury (no musculoskeletal injuries or neurological conditions)

• Able to take part in four weeks of exercise.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable to give informed consent and/or to comprehend and write English,

• Current (or history of) any medical condition or injury which would contraindicate participation,

• Allergy to alcohol wipes and/or adhesive tape

• Previous experience of using the XBOX Kinect™.

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Basic Science

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Healthy Young Adults

Intervention

Other:
• Exercise
This study is designed to examine and comparing there intervention program on postural control, flow and technology acceptance in young healthy adults.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Northumbria University	Teesside University

References & Publications (11)

Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81. — View Citation

Bryanton C, Bossé J, Brien M, McLean J, McCormick A, Sveistrup H. Feasibility, motivation, and selective motor control: virtual reality compared to conventional home exercise in children with cerebral palsy. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006 Apr;9(2):123-8. — View Citation

dos Santos Mendes FA, Pompeu JE, Modenesi Lobo A, Guedes da Silva K, Oliveira Tde P, Peterson Zomignani A, Pimentel Piemonte ME. Motor learning, retention and transfer after virtual-reality-based training in Parkinson's disease--effect of motor and cognitive demands of games: a longitudinal, controlled clinical study. Physiotherapy. 2012 Sep;98(3):217-23. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2012.06.001. Epub 2012 Jul 9. — View Citation

Esculier JF, Vaudrin J, Bériault P, Gagnon K, Tremblay LE. Home-based balance training programme using Wii Fit with balance board for Parkinsons's disease: a pilot study. J Rehabil Med. 2012 Feb;44(2):144-50. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0922. — View Citation

Jackson SA, Marsh H. Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale. J Sport and Exercise Psychology. 18:17-35, 1996.

Pompeu JE, Mendes FA, Silva KG, Lobo AM, Oliveira Tde P, Zomignani AP, Piemonte ME. Effect of Nintendo Wii™-based motor and cognitive training on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised clinical trial. Physiotherapy. 2012 Sep;98(3):196-204. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2012.06.004. Epub 2012 Jul 25. — View Citation

Robinson J, Dixon J, Macsween A, van Schaik P, Martin D. The effects of exergaming on balance, gait, technology acceptance and flow experience in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2015 Apr 17;7:8. doi: 10.1186/s13102-015-0001-1. eCollection 2015. — View Citation

Saposnik G, Teasell R, Mamdani M, Hall J, McIlroy W, Cheung D, Thorpe KE, Cohen LG, Bayley M; Stroke Outcome Research Canada (SORCan) Working Group. Effectiveness of virtual reality using Wii gaming technology in stroke rehabilitation: a pilot randomized clinical trial and proof of principle. Stroke. 2010 Jul;41(7):1477-84. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.584979. Epub 2010 May 27. — View Citation

Van Schaik P, Blake J, Pernet F, Spears I, Fencott C. Virtual augmented exercise gaming for older adults. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008 Feb;11(1):103-6. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.9925. — View Citation

Venkatesh V, Morris M, Davis G, Davis F. User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view. Management Information Systems Quarterly. 27:425-78, 2003.

Weiss PL, Bialik P, Kizony R. Virtual reality provides leisure time opportunities for young adults with physical and intellectual disabilities. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2003 Jun;6(3):335-42. — View Citation

* Note: There are 11 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Postural control	Postural sway was measured using a portable Kistler™ force platform (Model 9286AA, W 40 x L 60 x H 3.5cm). Participants were instructed to stand as still as possible with their arms by their side and eyes open, on their dominant leg (preferred kicking) for five periods of 30 seconds. Between trials, participants stepped off the force plate to allow calibration of the equipment which gave a 30 seconds rest.	Change from baseline (week 1) to post intervention (week 4)	No
Primary	Flow State Scale	The questionnaire consist of a 36-item questionnaire with nine subscales and response options on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Dimensions of flow include challenge-skill balance (CB; skills match the task and will be successful); clear goals (CG; experience of having a pre-set goal which on is aiming to achieve); unambiguous feedback (UF; feedback on performance); concentration of task (CT; focused on task); paradox of control (PC; performs task with ease); action-awareness-merging (AM; automatic response to task); transformation of time (TT; time speeds up or slows down during activity); loss of self-consciousness (LS; immersed in task) and autotelic experience (AE; activity intrinsically rewarding).	Change from baseline (week 1) to post intervention (week 4)	No
Primary	Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)	Technology acceptance was measured using UTAUT which comprised a 7-point Likert scale, with response options on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The questionnaire has six main domains, performance expectancy (PE; system will help performance), Effort Expectancy (EE; ease of using system), Social Influence (SI; degree in which others believe they should use system), Facilitating Conditions (FC; support in using the system), Self-efficacy (SE; confidence in using the system) and Behavioural Intention (BI; intention to use the system again).	Change from baseline (week 1) to post intervention (week 4)	No
Secondary	Heart Rate	Heart rate (HR) was recorded using a Polar™ Heart Rate Monitor™ (FS2C), recording watch and T31 coded chest strap (Polar Electro, Oy, Finland). Mean HR was collected at the end of every exercise session and calculated as a percentage of predicted HR max (220 - age).	Change from baseline (week 1) to post intervention (week 4)	No
Secondary	BORG subjective exertion scale	For a subjective measure of physiological cost the BORG Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale was used. Mean RPE data were recorded in each exercise session. RPE was defined as how hard participants felt their body was working in general based on the physical sensations they may experience during the activity, including increases in HR, respiration, breathing rate, sweating, and muscle fatigue.	Change from baseline (week 1) to post intervention (week 4)	No