View clinical trials related to Healthy Volunteers.
Filter by:BACKGROUND: Mesh nebulizers (MN) have lower residual volume and increased inhaled dose compared to jet nebulizers (JN) per in vitro and animal models. The aim of this study was to compare radioaerosol deposition using MN and JN in healthy subjects, using 2-D planar scintigraphy. METHODS: A randomized trial in 6 normal subjects (4 female, 2 male) inhaled 99mTc-DTPA with an activity of 1 mCi with the normal saline to a total dose of 4 mL with JN (Misty Max, Air Life, Yorba Linda, USA) oxygen flow of 8 L / min and 1.5 mL with MN (Aeroneb Solo with Ultra adapter; Aerogen Galway, Ireland). Scintigraphy was used to determine distribution of deposition and mass balance between compartments.
Healthy volunteers aged 18-85 will undergo hyperpolarized 129-Xe MRI and pulmonary function testing for the development of tools to assess image signal to noise and reproducibility of spin-density and diffusion-weighted imaging.
Background: - Skin disease can have many causes. It can have widespread consequences, and in rare cases can lead to death. Researchers want to determine the causes of various types of skin diseases and find a way to treat them. Objectives: - To determine the causes of various skin diseases and find ways to treat them. Eligibility: - People ages 2 and older who have: - A skin disease or at risk of developing a skin disease OR - A family member of persons with a skin disease - Healthy volunteers ages 2 and older Design: - Participants will be screened under a separate protocol. - Participants may take a survey about how their skin condition affects their quality of life. - Participants will have a medical history and a physical exam including a detailed skin exam. Pictures will be taken of their skin to document any skin disease. - Participants will have specimens collected. This may include: - Several teaspoons of blood taken at each visit - Stool samples - Nail and body fluid (like saliva) samples - Cheek swabs. The inside of the cheek will be scraped for about a minute in each direction to collect cells. - Collection of skin samples with: - A swab (like a Q-tip) - Gently scraping skin to remove the outer layers of cells - Applying and removing 1-inch pieces of tape - Participants may have up to 4 skin biopsies in 12 months, with 4 separate biopsies taken each time. - An area of skin will be numbed with an injection. - A piece of skin the size of a pencil eraser will be removed using a small instrument. - A flat scar usually develops at the biopsy site.
Background: - Painful stimuli cause changes in a network of brain regions called the "Pain Matrix." But most of these regions respond to many other stimuli, not just pain. Researchers want to understand how different factors influence pain. They want to test what happens when people expect different levels of pain and receive treatments that can modify pain. They want to see if these factors influence decisions about pain and how the body responds to it. They also want to compare pain with responses like taste and vision. Objectives: - To better understand how pain and emotions are processed and influenced by psychological factors. Eligibility: - Healthy volunteers ages 18-50. Design: - This study requires 1 to 2 clinic visits that last 1 to 3 hours. - Participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam. - Some participants will have one or more magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of their brain. For MRI, participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of a cylinder. The scanner makes loud knocking noises. They will get earplugs. - Participants heart activity will be recorded with electrocardiogram. Their pulse, sweating, and breathing will be monitored. - Some participants will take a taste test. Others may perform simple tasks. Others may receive pain in their arm, leg, or hand. The pain will come from heat or electric shocks. Others may judge pain using a topical pain-relieving cream. Some of these tests may be given during MRI. - Participants will fill out questionnaires. - The study will last 3 years.
Background: - Studies show that many factors affect children s eating behavior and health. These include sleep, mood, thinking skills, and genetics. Studying children over time may identify children at higher risk for eating-related health concerns. Objective: - To understand how genes and environment influence eating behavior and health over time. Eligibility: - Children ages 8 17 in good general health. Design: - Screening visit 1: Medical history, physical exam, body measurements, and questions. - 14 days: Participants will wear a wrist monitor and answer smartphone prompts about eating and mood. They may give a stool sample. - Screening visit 2: - Body measurements. - Saliva, urine, and blood samples. - Heart tests. - Meals provided (after fasting overnight). - Questionnaires and interview. - Behavior, thinking, and exercise tests. - X-ray of left wrist and full body.<TAB> - Some parents may have medical history, physical exam, and questions at screening visits. They may answer questions at the yearly visits. - Participants will have up to 6 yearly visits. They will give a urine sample and body measurements, and repeat the X-rays. They will have questions and behavior and thinking tasks. They may give stool samples. Visits will range from 3 to 8 hours. - Participants may choose to participate in other studies: - Stress and Hormones, 1 visit: While resting, participants will give saliva samples and have their heart monitored. Then they will do math. They will repeat the resting part, then do a computer task. - Brain Imaging, 2 visits: Twice, participants will perform tasks with a magnetic cone on their head then answer questions. Once, they will have an MRI, lying still in a scanner with a coil on their head. - Sleep, 2 visits: Participants will have food provided, answer questions and do tasks. Participants will be compensated for the time and inconvenience involved with completing study procedures.
Background: Urothelial cancer is cancer of the bladder, ureter, and urethra. Researchers want to better understand what changes in a person s cells and genes cause this cancer to form. This may help them find new ways to treat it. Objective: - To perform DNA sequencing to help researchers learn the differences between normal tissue and tumor tissue. Also, to learn how molecular changes - including gene changes - might help predict the course of disease and how people respond to therapy. Eligibility: - Adults age 18 and older who have or are suspected of having urothelial cancer or an inherited disorder that raises their risk of getting bladder cancer. Design: - Participants will be screened with a physical exam. Their medical records and tissue samples will be reviewed. - Eligible participants will give tissue blocks of their original tumor. The blocks will be put in a tissue bank. - Participants medical records may be reviewed. - Participants may have a medical history and physical exam. - Participants may have blood and urine tests. They may have imaging scans. They may give urine, blood, and saliva samples. These samples may be used in future research. - If participants need surgery for their cancer, researchers will keep some of the tissue (both tumor and normal tissue). The tissue may be used in future research. - Participants will go back to the Clinical Center in 6 months. They may give saliva, urine, and blood samples. After 6 months, they will be seen by their local doctor for standard post-surgical visits. - Participants will be called every 6 months to give health updates.
Sub-Study: Phase Triggered Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) (actively recruiting) Background: -Previous research has shown that the brain s activity changes with changes in brain waves. We can study brain activity with a procedure called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation. EEG allows for measuring ongoing brain waves. The goal of this study is to optimize TMS delivery by utilizing EEG-triggered TMS. Objectives: -To see if changes in brain waves change the brain and body s response to TMS. Eligibility: -Healthy, right-handed adults age 18-35. Design: - Participants will be screened under another protocol with medical history and physical exam. They may take a pregnancy test. They will have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain. For MRI, participants lie on a table that slides in and out of a metal tube that takes pictures. with: - Participants will have up to 4 outpatient visits lasting 2-3 hours each (4 outpatient visits). The following procedures may occur at a visit: - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Participants lie on a table that slides into a machine that takes pictures of the brain. - Electroencephalography (EEG): Small electrodes on the scalp record brain waves. - Electromyography (EMG): Small sticky electrodes on the skin measure muscle activity. - Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): A wire coil is held to the scalp. A brief electrical current passes through the coil and affects brain activity. Main Study: Influence on Plasticity of Brain Temperature (no longer recruiting) Background: - Brain activity changes with changes in body temperature. Brain activity can be studied with a procedure called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Researchers want to cool the brain through the scalp using a cooling cap. They want to see if cooling changes the brain and body s response to TMS. Objectives: - To look at the effects of cooling on the brain. Eligibility: - Right-handed adults age 18-50 who can abstain from caffeine and tobacco. Design: - Participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam. They will be asked about alcohol use, smoking, and substance abuse. They may take a pregnancy test. They may have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain. For MRI, participants lie on a table that slides in and out of a metal tube that takes pictures. - Participants will have 3 outpatient visits. The following procedures will occur at each visit. - Participants will wear a cooling cap for up to 45 minutes. Cool water will flow through the cap. It will feel like an ice pack in a towel. Their core temperature will be monitored. Their temperature will also be measured under their tongue and on scalp, stomach, forearm, and calf. - Participants will have TMS before and after wearing the cap. A brief electrical current will pass through a wire coil held on their scalp. Electrodes that detect muscle movement will be placed on their hand. They will also have repetitive TMS, which uses repeated magnetic pulses. Their wrist will also receive a shock.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single subcutaneous injection of MT203 in healthy adult Japanese and Caucasian male participants
Background: - Biomarkers are substances in people s blood and tissues. They help researchers understand diseases and signs of aging. Scientists want to do more research on biomarkers to find ways to improve quality of life in old age. Objective: - To learn more about biomarkers and their relationship to aging. Eligibility: - Adults at least 20 years old who weigh at least 110 pounds and have a body mass index below 30. They must agree that their genetic samples can be collected, studied, and stored. Design: - Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests. They will have heart tests and nurse will assess their veins. They will fill out a questionnaire. - Participants will have a 2-day baseline visit. Then they will return every 2 years for up to 10 years. These follow-up visits will repeat the baseline visit: - Repeat of screening procedures. - Physical performance tests like balance and walking tests. - Leg and grip strength tests. - Health and mental state questions. - Memory and problem solving tests. - Cytapheresis. Blood will be removed through a needle in the vein of one arm and run through a machine. The blood will be returned through a needle in a vein of the other arm. - Visits may also include: - Magnetic resonance imaging scans. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of a machine that takes pictures. - Diabetes test. After fasting, participants will drink a sweet drink and give blood. - Breathing and walking tests. - Wearing a device that record physical activity. - Scan of the abdomen and the right leg. - A small amount of muscle tissue and/or skin removed.
Background: - Salivary glands in and around the mouth and throat make saliva. Salivary gland disorders can affect a person s quality of life. Studying people who have a disease that affects their salivary gland(s) may teach researchers about the disorders and their genetics. Objectives: - To study salivary gland diseases and disorders. To collect data and samples from people with salivary gland problems and their relatives. Eligibility: - People more than 4 years old who have or are suspected to have a disease involving salivary glands. - Their relatives more than 4 years old. - Healthy volunteers 18 years or older. Design: - Participants may be screened with: - Medical history - Physical exam - Blood and urine tests - General oral and dental history and exam - Saliva collection - Eye exam and test for dry eyes - Health questionnaires (adults) - Biopsy of some minor salivary glands. A small incision will be made on the inside of the lower lip and several tiny salivary glands will be removed. - Participants will have 2 3 visits. These may include: - Repeats of some screening tests - Ultrasounds of some glands. Researchers will put some gel on the face, then press on it with a smooth wand. - Adults may have other biopsies - A small catheter inserted into the opening of the parotid gland duct on the inside of the cheek. A saline solution (in a syringe) will fill the duct. - Swishing a saltwater solution in the mouth for 10 seconds and then spitting into a cup - Scrapings collected from teeth, tongue, and cheeks