View clinical trials related to Gut Microbiota.
Filter by:Difficult defecation is a common symptom involving with patients'life quality. The stool pattern of these patients might be related to the contribution of gut microbiota. This pilot study proposed hypothesis that stool pattern could be used as a simple index to screen the potential candidates of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with difficult defecation.
The overall aim is to investigate the intake of beta-glucan in relation to glucose metabolism and satiety in a postprandial study with healthy subjects. The potential effects will be related to changes in the gut microbiota, the circulating levels of short chain fatty acids, inflammation and gene expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells
There is growing evidence that nutritional intervention with dietary polyphenols can positively modulate the gut microbiota to improve cardiometabolic health. Whether the beneficial effects of blueberries on obesity and the metabolic syndrome can be linked to their potential impact on the gut microbiota and intestinal integrity remains speculative at this time. Moreover, the mechanisms of action underlying health benefits associated to blueberry consumption are still unknown. The investigators are thus proposing to combine the study of metagenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics to test whether a prebiotic activity of highbush blueberries can play a role in the prevention of obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in a clinical setting.
Increasing evidence suggest that artificial sweeteners such as saccharin, aspartame and sucralose may not be as metabolically safe as they first appeared, and it has been proposed that their consumption may be linked to important disturbances in the gut microbiome. Some in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the recently approved sugar substitute Stevia (eg. steviol glycosides) can also influence intestinal homeostasis. However, it is not clear whether this natural non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) could also cause metabolic and microbiome disturbances as proposed for their synthetic counterparts. In fact, steviol glycosides may even have a beneficial impact on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism possibly through a positive action on intestinal health and gut microbiome, but this has yet to be experimentally tested in a rigorous study. The main objective of this project is to evaluate whether steviol glycosides sweetened beverages (SGSB) or aspartame/acesulfame K sweetened beverages (AASB) exert beneficial, neutral or detrimental effects on metabolic health of regular consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and whether modulation of the gut microbiome is involved in the resulting impact of these NNSs on metabolic health. As chronic overconsumption of SSBs is clearly associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk, this study will be the first to determine the metabolic impact of replacing SSBs by potentially "healthier alternatives" such as the increasingly popular stevia-based soft drinks and aspartame-based soft drinks. The investigators will further investigate whether these NNS can cause pernicious effects on intestinal health and the gut microbiome. It is a crucial concern since the importance of this unsuspected key "organ" has been ignored for too long and its important implication in many chronic societal diseases has just been discovered. Results of this study could have a direct influence on health, nutrition and even agricultural policies as well as dietary guidelines around the world. This project is also critically important as an increasing amount of health professionals such as physicians, nurses and registered dietitians seek to provide evidenced-based guidance to individuals looking for healthier alternatives to SSBs including stevia-based or aspartame-based soft drinks.
Recent evidence indicates that Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a pro-atherosclerotic, phosphatidylcholine-dependent metabolite of diet and intestinal flora. Food substrates derive from carnitine and phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), present mainly in eggs, red meat, liver and pork. The intestinal flora pattern that favors the formation of TMAO is very similar to that which predisposes to insulin resistance and obesity: a high proportion between phylum Firmicutes over Bacteroidetes. The intestinal microbiota is sensitive and variable; the use of prebiotics and probiotics can change the relationship between Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes phyla. Red wine (RW), for its composition with polyphenols and possible bactericidal role, may play a role in the intestinal flora modification and could promote proliferation of beneficial bacteria. However, the influence of RW on TMAO is not known. This is the hypothesis to be tested in this trial. METHODS: This is a prospective, crossover, randomized, controlled trial with patients from Heart Institute (InCor), FMUSP and volunteers recruited through press releases. We will evaluate 42 patients, all men, with established atherosclerotic disease. Patients will be evaluated in a crossed manner: each subject receives both treatments, intervention and control (in random order), and they will be divided into 2 groups: A and B. In the first intervention stage, after 2 weeks of washout for all patients , group A receives Red Wine (RW) and group B is the control, abstemious. In the 2nd stage of intervention, after 2 weeks of washout for all patients the groups are inverted: group B receives RW; and group A will be abstemious. In the period with wine intervention, patients will receive 250 mL/day of red wine per day, for 5 days of the week, for 3 weeks. Patients will maintain their usual diet without the use of prebiotics or probiotics, or other polyphenolic derivatives. At the beginning and at the end of each stage, patients will be submitted to serum TMAO and intestinal microbiota evaluation. For the intestinal microbiota evaluation, the new generation sequencing will be used in the highly preserved portion of the 16S subunit of the rRNA gene. The determination of TMAO in plasma will be by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Expected results: It is expected to determine if RW acts on the intestinal flora to the point of influencing plasma TMAO concentration.
Soylent 2.0 is a popular meal replacement drink that is used to supplement or replace one's regular diet. Soylent is designed to fully fulfill one's nutritional needs, but its impact on the human microbiome remains unknown. This study aims to track the composition of participants' gut microbiomes before, during, and after Soylent consumption to more holistically understand its impact on microbiome health. We predict that a short term Soylent-based diet will induce observable and reversible changes to participants' gut microbiomes.
We hypothesized that some difference in the composition and distribution of gut microbiota in people with a large number of defecation (two or three times a day or more), people with normal defecation (one time a day or two days), and people with a small number of defecation (two times a week or less). And we investigate the association between gut microbiota and stool frequency.
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of wheat enriched in resistant starch (RS) on the generation of fermentation products by the lower gut microbes, the fecal microbiota profile, intestinal metabolites, and the glycemic response to a test meal compared to regular wheat.
The purpose of this trial is to investigate comprehensively the effect of riboflavin supplementation on the abundance of F. prausnitzii and on other members of the gut microbiota in faeces of healthy volunteers. Additionally it will be assessed whether riboflavin supplementation affects the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC). Finally, the effect of riboflavin supplementation on the production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, the release of gut hormones and potential changes in glucose homeostasis and appetite perception will be assessed.
The composition and metabolism of human gut microbiota play crucial roles in health. Microbial colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract varies widely, with the large intestine having not only the highest density of microbes in terms of bacterial cells per gram but also the most metabolically active microbial community. Genetics, mode of birth, infant feeding patterns, antibiotic usage, sanitary living conditions and long term dietary habits contribute towards shaping the composition of the gut microbiome. Diet clearly has a major impact on variation in the gut microbiota composition, and this can be detected in faecal samples after only a few days. The bacterial metabolism of dietary components produces much chemical diversity in the large intestine with protective or detrimental effects on disease development. Dietary protein levels are relatively high in western European populations, up to 103g/d, as reported by Food and Agriculture Organization. This may result in high levels, entering the large gut where it can become a substrate for proteolytic bacteria. Protein specifically can provide nutrition for microorganisms but metabolites from bacterial protein breakdown can be detrimental. Protein intake from the diet might not be the only source of microbial proteolysis; the human body also secretes considerable amounts of protein into the digestive lumen which can potentially be used by the microflora. On the contrary, end products of carbohydrate metabolism can be positive for health. In this context, prebiotics are carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion and can become available for bacteria in the colon to produce short chain fatty acids and inhibit the production of harmful metabolites. A switch towards more carbohydrate metabolism in the colon, at the expense of proteolysis therefore has positive capacity through the production of more benign metabolites. Rationale for design Prebiotics are dietary ingredients that target carbohydrate digesting bacteria only. Given the high intake levels of protein in Western populations, they may be useful to modulate the composition/activity of the microbial gut ecology for improved health. Among prebiotic nutrients, inulin-type fructans (ITF) are well characterized and their administration promotes growth of beneficial microorganisms like Bifidobacterium spp. .These microorganisms are involved in the reduction of intestinal endotoxin concentration, improve glucose tolerance, exert benefits upon immune function and inhibit pathogens. In healthy individuals, ITF intake promotes satiety and modulates gut peptides regulating food intake. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of inulin-type fructans (ITF) on the negative consequences of colonic fermentation in individuals consuming high protein diets. The hypothesis to be tested is that their action promotes carbohydrate degrading bacteria at the expense of protein utilisers.