View clinical trials related to Food Addiction.
Filter by:BACKGROUND: Binge eating disorder (BED) is the worldwide most-prevalent eating disorder. It is associated with psychiatric comorbidities and obesity, a high impact in life functioning, and high morbidity and mortality. First symptoms appear frequently in youths, who most commonly present incomplete (subthreshold) criteria for BED (precursor forms, PREC-BED). While some subjects will evolve from PREC-BED to BED, there is no gold standard to identify the clinical evolution. Information from prior studies suggest early alterations in reward and inhibitory brain circuits in PREC-BED may predict increased vulnerability or resilience to develop BED. Tools based on MRI brain connectivity analyses (MRI-BC), built on robust and interpretable connectivity whole-brain models, have proven successful in diagnostic classification and predicting certain clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To study MRI-BC diagnostic markers of PREC-BED and to explore prognosis at 1 year of follow-up in a sample of adolescents with obesity (12-17 years old). METHODS: A) Transversal analytical design: 3-group (n=34 per group) comparison of neuroimaging (MRI-BC), neurocognitive and clinical markers in adolescents with obesity and i) BED, ii) PREC-BED, iii) no BED nor PREC-BED (Healthy group, HC). B) Longitudinal analytical design, pilot, exploratory: adolescents with PREC-BED will be evaluated in clinical and neurocognitive variables at 1 year. Baseline brain neuroimaging variables (alone and in combination with clinical and neurocognitive variables) will be analyzed as predictors of clinical prognosis, including conversion to BED.
This study experimentally investigates whether a reduction in ultra-processed (UP) food intake (1) causes aversive withdrawal symptoms in humans, (2) increases the motivational salience of UP food cues and, if so, (3) whether these factors undermine the ability to adhere to a low-UP diet. The following aims and hypotheses are tested: Aim 1: To investigate whether aversive physical, cognitive, and affective withdrawal symptoms emerge in response to reduced UP food intake compared to a high-UP diet, and whether this predicts failure to adhere to a low-UP diet. H1a: Reducing UP food intake will result in aversive physical, cognitive, and affective withdrawal symptoms, as indicated by 1) ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of aversive withdrawal symptoms, and 2) heart rate reactivity and subjective distress to an in-lab stressor. H1b: Aversive symptoms of UP food withdrawal will predict greater UP food intake and higher blood glucose levels when trying to adhere to a low UP diet. Aim 2: To investigate whether increased motivational salience of UP food cues emerges in response to reduced UP food intake, and whether this predicts failure to maintain a low-UP diet. H2a: Reducing UP food intake will result in increased motivational salience of UP food cues, as indicated by 1) EMA reports of UP food craving, 2) heart rate reactivity and subjective craving in a simulated fast-food restaurant, 3) heightened reinforcement value for UP food relative to other reinforcers, and 4) greater reward-related neural response to UP food cues. H2b: Increased motivational salience of UP food cues will predict greater UP food intake and higher blood glucose levels when trying to adhere to a low UP diet.
The current standard of care for obesity is the optimal management of comorbid conditions such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and counseling on diet, weight loss, or increased physical activity programs. However, lifestyle, diet, and behavioral interventions may provide between 7-10% reduction in initial weight and even fewer with long-term weight loss. In severely obese patients (BMI>40 or BMI>35 with comorbidities), bariatric surgery is also a potential treatment, but there is a high barrier for patients to undergo surgery for weight loss. These barriers include an aversion to major abdominal surgery, long recovery time, potential risk of vitamin deficiency, and risk for abdominal pain. For these reasons, there is a paramount need for other treatments for obesity and for food addiction. The current standard of care for obesity and food addiction is difficult to implement and lacks sustained efficacy. Most struggle to complete treatment, lose minimal weight, lack sustained weight loss, and engage in the well-known "YoYo" diet phenomenon. While bariatric surgery is currently the only effective treatment for obesity, there are several barriers associated with it such as eligibility requirements, invasiveness, difficult recovery, and cost making it not readily available for everyone. Some approved medications that help with obesity, such as orlistat, lorcaserin, or naltrexone-bupropion, have not been widely adopted by providers or patients due to their limited responses and adverse side effects. Probiotic cocktails have shown to be safe with little to no side effects. Preclinical models of probiotics demonstrate the ability to curb obesity in animal models. Therefore, a probiotic that is able to show significant weight loss along with lifestyle modifications would be highly adopted and desirable.
The identification of safe and effective strategies for weight loss and long-term maintenance is critical to reduce the alarming prevalence of obesity worldwide and mitigate obesity-associated health risks. Specifically, Binge Eating (BE) and Food Addiction (FA) behaviors are well known causes of failed weight loss and weight regain. The definitions of their clinical phenotypes are currently evolving. Recent evidence suggests that food choices, behavior and reward may be driven also by taste perception. The hypothesis of this study is that subjects with dysfunctional eating behavior have different taste thresholds compared to obese subjects without eating disorders, and that this characteristic influences food choice and eating behavior. Identifying a difference in the taste thresholds between obese with and without eating disorder will allow us to understand why certain individuals over-consume or binge on densely caloric foods and to give them a tailored dietary treatment so as to maintain weight loss for a long time. The Binge eating and Food Addiction is assessed using Binge Eating Scale and Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Subjects with obesity recruited are divided in 4 groups: without eating disorder, with food addiction (FA), with binge eating (BE) and with FA + BE. In these groups sweet and salty taste will be measured with the 3-Alternative-Forced-Choice method.
The changing food environment, with increasingly abundant ultra-processed food (UPF) options, may directly contribute to rising rates of obesity, though it is unknown which ingredients in UPF elevate their reinforcing nature in a way that may lead to overconsumption. The proposed study is the first to systematically examine differences in the rewarding characteristics of and physiological and metabolic responses to UPFs that are high in fat, refined carbohydrates (like sugar), or both. Understanding the biobehavioral underpinnings that enhance the reinforcing potential of ingredients in UPF (e.g., fat vs. refined carbohydrates) can inform novel intervention targets for the treatment of overeating and obesity.
The hypothesis is that the increase in dlPFC brain activity via near-infrared spectroscopy-based Neurofeedback (fNIRS-based NF) training based on near-infrared spectroscopy would allow an improvement of the eating behavior, thus promoting a long-term weight loss in obese subjects. Patients will be trained during a month with 8 NF sessions and results based on clinical data and different questionnaires results will be compared between inclusion and 3 months later
This experiment is based on a unique technique of deep Transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) of the brain's cortex, aiming to produce weight loss in food-addicted severely obese adults.
Morbid or severe obesity is a chronic pathology of multifactorial etiology that affects 4.3% of the French population. In these patients, eating disorders are frequent and must be managed as they are considered risk factors with poorer weight prognosis and lower quality of life. Some authors have proposed that the concept of food addiction (i.e., the existence of an addiction to certain foods rich in sugar, fat and/or salt) may make it possible to identify, among obese patients, a subgroup of patients that is more homogeneous in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. Food addiction is common in obese patients and is associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, emotional eating and poorer quality of life. Nevertheless, we do not know the impact of managing this addiction on the future of these patients (food addiction, weight, comorbidities, quality of life). Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (Tele-CBT) is a treatment of choice for addictions, but there are inequalities in access to this treatment (distance between home and hospital, limited local resources of caregivers, constraints in patient availability) which require the therapeutic framework to be adapted to these constraints. A short Tele-CBT program has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing bulimic hyperphagia in these patients (Cassin et al. 2016), but its effectiveness on food addiction, Body Mass Index and the evolution of metabolic complications related to obesity is still unknown. The evaluation of this program was limited to 6 weeks (American study), and we do not know if these results can also be extrapolated to France. The main hypothesis of this study is that in patients suffering from severe or morbid obesity and with food addiction, the performance of tele-CBT (intervention group: 12 sessions for 18 weeks) will be accompanied by a significant medium-term decrease in the prevalence of food addiction compared to usual management (control group).
Eating Disorders (ED) are a major public health problem. Current care remains only partially effective and the pathophysiology of the disorders remains to be deepened. With regard to compulsive ED (bulimia and binge eating disorder), our clinical experience suggests that one of the major triggers for crisis may be related to glycemia. In fact, bulimia could be considered as a vicious circle where the binge eating disorder is going to be followed by a food restriction in order to control weight , putting the subject in a situation of "energy deficiency" which will favor the emergence of new crises . Technological advances have resulted in the emergence of new measuring devices, such as "tracking", which records continuous glycemia, which would allow us to explore these clinical hypotheses.
Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by generalized musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, non-repairing sleep, cognitive changes, depressive symptoms and other correlates of autonomic dysfunction. A high prevalence of overweight in patients with fibromyalgia is observed, about 80% according to current data, which affects the course and prognosis of the disease, besides overburdening health costs and further compromising quality of life. life of these patients. Evidence shows possible pathophysiological pathways shared by these two pathologies, as well as aspects related to food behavior. It is known that dopaminergic neurotransmission is altered in both, suggesting an increase in the sensitivity or density of D2 dopamine receptors. Non-pharmacological options for pain management and dysfunctional eating behavior include the important contribution of neuromodulatory techniques of non-invasive cerebral stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which aims to increase resisting hyperpalatable foods and reducing caloric intake. Objectives: To evaluate the association between dopamine receptor-2 (DRD2) Taq1A allele A1 polymorphism (rs1800497) and to observe the possible effect of tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on homeostatic and hedonistic aspects of eating behavior in women with FM. Methods: A randomized, double blind, parallel group, controlled trial with simulated treatment will be performed. Will be included in the study women literate, right-handed, with confirmed diagnosis of FM. The evaluation will be done through questionnaires on pain and eating behavior, anthropometric evaluation and biochemical measurements. The intervention will take place through active or simulated home for 4 weeks. Perspectives: To evaluate dysfunctional neuroplastic changes in eating behavior and biological markers and also to serve as a basis for future effective treatment strategies through neuromodulation and nutritional counseling.