View clinical trials related to Fetal Growth Retardation.
Filter by:The investigation will employ a longitudinal approach in which every fetus diagnosed to be SGA (Small for Gestational Age ) will be studied at frequent intervals with sophisticated imaging techniques to assess subtle physiologic changes in the brain, heart, and placenta over time. These findings will be correlated with neurological and cardiovascular function in the newborn and early childhood. This research initiative should yield diagnostic and therapeutic templates that will improve the quality of life of IUGR babies in addition to providing important information that will better inform current diagnostic practices.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of maternal supplementation with Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) early in pregnancy to reduce the incidence of deep placentation disorders: preterm birth, preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Half of the participants in early pregnancy will receive DHA 600 mg per day, while the other half will receive placebo. Investigators will study also the ability of DHA supplementation, early in pregnancy, to enhance invasion and transformation of spiral arteries by trophoblast, as deep placentation indicators.
The ultimate goal of this project is to develop methods that allow informed decision-making on the delivery time of fetuses that are at increased risk of stillbirth due to IUGR. In placenta related IUGR pregnancies, there can be multiple concurrent placental pathologies. Although there is no specific correspondence between a single type of pathology and IUGR, the common result of these pathologies is placental insufficiency, which limits the maternal-fetal exchange. Oxygen and nutrition transport is known to be hindered in IUGR placentas due to obstructed or abrupt vasculature, massive fibrin deposition, and inflammation in the villous and intervillous space (villitis). Thus one potential approach to distinguish IUGR pregnancies from normal ones is to assess the efficiency of placental transport. Based on the hypothesis that efficiency of oxygen transport is representative for overall oxygen and nutrition transport in placenta, the investigators propose to characterize the blood oxygenation and blood perfusion in placenta in vivo via MRI, and use it as an index for better stratification in the IUGR risk group. The investigators will also consider alternative MRI approaches such as structural, diffusion and spectroscopy measurements inside the placenta, which might reflect the state of placental transport and reveal the status of placental health. Specific aims: 1) To correlate the MRI metrics that differentiate placental insufficiency from normal placenta transport with histopathology data of the placenta. 2) To correlate the MRI metrics that reflects placental insufficiency with fetal outcome
In this study we explore To explore the role of maternal serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in pregnancies complicated by foetal growth restriction.
One of the most challenging areas currently facing obstetricians is the detection and management of pregnancies in which the growth of the fetus is poor. These fetuses have not only increased rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality, but also have higher levels of morbidity extending into adult life (Linda; Murray 2010). In developing countries including Egypt, low birth weight is a national concern and emphasized in population and health policies according to the latest WHO data published in April 2011 low Birth Weight Deaths in Egypt reached 13,587 or 3.74% of total deaths, Mortality was more frequent in LBW (31.6%) than normal birth weight (NBW) infants (2.0%). Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as fetuses whose growth velocity slows down or stops completely because of inadequate oxygen and nutritional supply or utilization (Linda; Murray 2010). Low birth weight (LBW) refers to an infant with a birth weight < 2500 g, Small for gestational age (SGA) birth is defined as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) less than the 10th centile and severe SGA as an EFW less than the 3rd centile, (RCOG Green-top Guideline No.31, 2013). Ultrasound has been used as a tool for determining fetal health and a variety of sonographic parameters have been used to screen and diagnose IUGR including fetal biometry, fetal body proportions (Campbell et al., 1994), amniotic fluid volume (Owen et al., 1999), subcutaneous tissue thickness and estimated fetal weight (EFW) (Larciprete et al., 2005). IUGR is associated with changes in the body proportions as undernourished fetus directs most of its energy to maintain the growth of vital organs, such as the brain and heart, at the expense of the liver, muscle and fat and this results in decreased abdominal and thigh circumference measurements and hence theoretically increased HC/AC, FL/AC and FL/TC ratios (Colley et al., 1991). Fetal thigh circumference has a role to play in accurately measuring fetal weight when incorporated with other fetal parameters and provide a potentially straightforward method for assessing the deposition of muscle and fat in the growing fetus; there is a scope of using the FL/TC ratio in predicting IUGR (Sanyal et al., 2012). Fetal thigh circumference to femur length ratio (FL/TC) seems to be potential for use in predicting IUGR (Shripad; Varalaxmi, 2005).
Prediction of Low Birth Weight Infants using Ultrasound Measurement of Placental Diameter and Thickness
Identification of the presence of proangiogenic immune cells in normal human placentas may enable predication of some pregnancy disorders.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether sildenafil is effective and safe in the treatment of fetal growth restriction.
Insulin resistance is common among children with low birthweight. Moreover, growth hormone treatment for ensuing short stature also causes insulin resistance. Our objective is to examine these processes. Insulin resistance has recently been linked to the accumulation of stores of fat in muscle cells which can be measured by MRI. We hypothesize that children who are short due to low birthweight have increased muscle fat stores, but that growth hormone treatment will paradoxically reverse this association. To test this hypothesis, muscle fat stores will be measured in children who are short due to low birthweight before and after receiving growth hormone therapy. Other parameters linked to insulin resistance (glucose tolerance, blood markers, and body composition) will also be assessed. This study may lead to ways to increase growth hormone safety and dose limitations.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine if mutations in the gene encoding the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor lead to relative insulin-like growth factor-I insensitivity and produce intrauterine growth retardation in children.