View clinical trials related to Dysglycemia.
Filter by:The transition from normal glucose tolerance to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) encompasses a variety of glycemic abnormalities that are commonly referred to as 'prediabetes'. While intensive lifestyle interventions are the cornerstone of T2D prevention, developing safe, cost-effective adjunct therapeutic strategies is a clinically relevant goal. Cinnamon supplementation has been shown to improve fasting plasma glucose in patients with T2D. This placebo-controlled, randomized study will determine if cinnamon improves glucose homeostasis in patients with prediabetes over a 12-week period.
Dried fruits show promising potential for the management of blood glucose. Previous trials have reported beneficial effects of raisins on post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy individuals when compared with white bread. However, to date there is limited data evaluating the potential beneficial effects of other dried fruits (i.e. sultanas, dates and apricots). It is also unclear whether dried fruits can be used to lower the postprandial glycemic responses to high-GI carbohydrate foods by either displacing available carbohydrate (displacement effect) or providing 'catalytic' doses of fructose ('catalytic' fructose effect). To address these questions, the investigators propose to assess the GI of 4 common types of dried fruit (raisins, sultanas, dates, apricots) (GI effect) and their ability to decrease the postprandial glycemic response to white bread by either partially displacing available carbohydrate (displacement effect) or by providing a 'catalytic' dose of fructose ('catalytic' fructose effect).
The overall objective of the study is to assess the potential effects of the long-acting GLP-1 analogue exenatide in preventing/slowing the progression of cognitive dysfunction and related biomarkers in dysglycemic/prediabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Despite advances in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, its prevalence continues to rise worldwide. There is a need for new modalities to improve metabolic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes and those who are overweight or obese and at risk for type 2 diabetes. Contrary to the concerns raised about the adverse role of fructose in metabolic health, various lines of evidence suggest that fructose and its epimers may improve the metabolic handling of glucose through inducing glycogen synthesis. Recent small trials in humans suggest that catalytic doses (=<10g/meal) of fructose and its epimers (allulose, tagatose, and sorbose) may reduce postprandial glycemic responses to carbohydrate loads (i.e., oral glucose tolerance test or a starch load) in people with and without type 2 diabetes. There is also limited evidence that these acute effects may manifest as longer term improvements in glycemic control. There is an urgent need to synthesize the evidence of the effects of fructose and its epimers on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism.
Fructose-containing sugars have been implicated in the epidemics of obesity, diabetes and related cardiometabolic disorders. This view is supported by lower quality evidence from ecological observations, animal models, and select human trials. Higher level evidence from controlled trials and prospective cohort studies have been inconclusive. Whether sugars contribute to cardiometabolic complications independent of their calories remains unclear. To address the uncertainties, the investigators propose to conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the totality of the evidence from controlled trials to distinguish the contribution of fructose-containing sugars from that of energy in the development of markers of cardiometabolic risk. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing evidence-based guidelines and improving health outcomes by educating healthcare providers and patients, stimulating industry innovation, and guiding future research design.
The rise in high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption over the past 40 years since its introduction as a popular sweetener in the United States has led to much concern regarding its contribution to the rise in obesity (1), diabetes (2) and related cardiometabolic disorders (3).Unlike sucrose which contains equal proportions of fructose and glucose bound by an α-glycosidic bond, HFCS contains 42-55% of fructose to glucose in a free (unbound) form (4). Despite these differences in composition, both sugars possess identical energy contribution on a gram to gram basis (4). However, the higher ratio of fructose to glucose in HFCS has led to the hypothesis that HFCS may uniquely contribute to cardiometabolic risk, more so than sucrose, through proposed differences in fructose metabolism, endocrine and hedonic properties (5). We will conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to assess the role of HFCS versus sucrose under energy matched (isocaloric) conditions on cardiometabolic risk.
The purpose of this study is to test the effect of increasing the body pH acutely with an alkaline medication (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, sodibic) on glucose metabolism post meal in non diabetic subjects with normal renal function. The investigators aim to determine whether there is an acute reduction in venous blood pH following a typical Western-style (high acid load) breakfast in healthy men and women, and whether this effect is attenuated by the concurrent administration of an alkaline medication. The effect on glucose metabolism, hunger/satiety and arterial stiffness post meal will be assessed.
Vegetarian diets have been associated with a reduced risk of preventable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These effects may be mediated through direct or indirect pathways. Although the high intakes of nuts, legumes, dietary fibre, whole grains, and unsaturated plant oils have each individually been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, so too has the displacement of red meats, processed meats, and saturated animal fats. One of the most important considerations in moving from animal-based diets to more plant-based diets is the replacement of animal proteins (e.g. meat, fish, dairy, eggs) with vegetable proteins (e.g. legumes, nuts, and seeds). It is unclear whether this particular replacement alone results in advantages for metabolic and cardiovascular health. To improve evidence-based guidance for dietary guidelines and health claims development, we propose to conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effect of plant-based protein in exchange for animal protein on blood lipids, glycemic control, blood pressure, body weight, uric acid, markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and kidney function and injury. The systematic review process allows the combining of the results from many small studies in order to arrive at a pooled estimate, similar to a weighted average, of the true effect. The investigators will be able to explore whether the effects of replacing animal-based protein for plant-based protein hold true across different sexes, age groups, and background disease states and whether the effect depends on the protein source, dose, or background diet. The findings of this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of Canadians through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of heart disease and diabetes.
Betaine is important in cellular metabolic pathways. Few epidemiologic studies link betaine levels to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Small human studies suggest benefit for non-alcoholic liver disease. In this study we will determine if administration of betaine improves metabolic measures, liver fat and/or endothelial function in humans with glucose intolerance who are overweight.
Tree nuts (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts) are an important source of unsaturated fatty acids, vegetable protein, and fibre, as well as minerals, vitamins, and phytonutrients. Although heart disease risk reduction claims for nuts have been permitted in the U.S. and general dietary guidelines and recommendations from heart associations recommend the consumption of nuts for heart protection, diabetes associations have not addressed nuts in their most recent recommendations. This omission is despite heart disease being a major cause of death in diabetes. There remains insufficient information on the usefulness of these foods in diabetes. To improve evidence-based guidance for tree nut recommendations, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review of the effect of tree nuts on diabetes control and features of the metabolic syndrome. The systematic review process allows the combining of the results from many small studies in order to arrive at a pooled estimate, similar to a weighted average, of the true effect. The investigators will be able to explore whether eating tree nuts has different effects between men and women, in different age groups and background disease states, and whether or not the effect of tree nuts depends on the dose and background diet. The findings of this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of Canadians through informing diabetes association recommendations and heart association recommendations where they relate to diabetes.