View clinical trials related to Drug Toxicity.
Filter by:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with NHL is a serious complication. The outcome of patients with CNS relapse is extremely poor, with a median survival of 4-6 months. One approach to reduce CNS relapse in high-risk patients is the use of systemic high-dose intravenous (iv) methotrexate (HMTX) chemotherapy. Currently available methods of MTX clearance, including dialysis-based methods, have shown limited efficacy. Glucarpidase hydrolyses MTX to inactive metabolites that are partially metabolised by the liver, thus providing an alternative route of limiting renal excretion. The administration of Glucarpidase could prevent MTX toxicity as a whole as well as the following consequences. The aim of this study is to analyse the prophylactic effect of 2,000 units of glucarpidase administered after 12 hours of HDMTX on MTX clearance and on the incidence and severity of MTX-related toxicity.
Cisplatin is a heavy-metal complex widely used in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, including small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian, bladder, head and neck, esophageal, cervical and germ cell tumors. The administration of cisplatin is commonly associated with certain drug-induced toxicities that may limit their clinical utility and adversely affect the quality of life of patients undergoing treatment. Although many advances have been made in reducing some of the toxicities associated with platinum drug therapy, it is clear that dose-limiting nephrotoxicity remains a major stumbling block in the use of this compound. Subtle changes in renal function occur without overt renal insufficiency, consisting of a decrease in effective renal plasma flow and tubular dysfunction despite aggressive hydratation. Early tubular damage occurring within 1 to 3 hours after cisplatin administration has been demonstrated by measurement of urinary beta 2-microglobulin, a sensitive marker of tubular injury. The chronic lesion has become of greater concern in recent years as many patients have been cured or placed into long-term remission due to cisplatin treatment. It consists of a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, which is not necessary characterized by a remarkable increase in serum creatinine. Cumulative tubular damage has been demonstrated by increased urinary excretion of tubular enzymes such as alanine aminopeptidase and beta 2-microglobulin. In this setting, predicting the occurrence of chronic cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity remains a clinical challenge. Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) is predominantly a proximal tubular secretion renal agent without cortical fixation indicated for dynamic renal studies to evaluate cortical tubular function and collecting system drainage. Tc-99m MAG3 and is the agent of choice for obstructive uropathy and diffuse functional abnormalities of the renal cortex. The aim of this study was to evaluate by means of Tc-99m MAG3 scintigraphy the acute and subacute impairment of tubular secretion after cisplatin administration in patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemotherapy.
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Chemoprotective drugs, such as triptorelin, may protect normal ovarian cells from the side effects of chemotherapy. PURPOSE: This randomized phase II trial is studying how well triptorelin works in preserving ovarian function in premenopausal women who are receiving chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer.