View clinical trials related to Drug Mechanism.
Filter by:Large register based work has shown that starting on oral contraceptives (OCs) is associated with an increased risk of developing depressive episodes. It is not known why this is, but changes in the serotonergic brain system might play a role. Intriguingly, in cross-sectional work, the investigators have demonstrated a lower level of the serotonin 4 receptor globally in the brain of healthy women using oral contraceptives compared to non-users. The order of magnitude of this difference is comparable to what has been observed in depressed individuals relative to healthy controls. In this study, the investigators will apply a longitudinal design to determine if starting on oral contraceptives induces a reduction in the serotonin 4 receptor in healthy women and whether such changes are related to potential changes in measures of cognition as well as mood/affect and sexual desire. The study is a single-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with a 3-month intervention paradigm of either Femicept (2nd generation combined oral contraceptive) or placebo. The investigators will include participants until 20 women have completed the study in each arm. Participants will go through an investigational program, including PET and MR brain scans and neuropsychological testing, before starting on the treatment and again during the third pill cycle. To capture changes in mood/ and sexual desire, the participants will complete daily questionnaires during the baseline menstrual cycle and during third pill cycle. A linear latent variable model will be used to evaluate if OC use induces changes in the serotonin 4 receptor level and such changes will be correlated to changes in secondary outcomes (i.e., cognitive and psychometric measures).
The purpose of this observational study is to assess the role of plasma concentration monitoring of treatment drugs for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in terms of efficacy and side effects. Furthermore, the investigators examines the role of anti-drug antibodies and receptor polymorphisms in CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors in treatment failure among patients with mRCC treated with check point immunotherapy. Moreover, polymorphisms in the UGT1A1 gene will be correlated with the pazopanib treatment dose.
Psychiatric disorders often result from dysregulation in cellular and molecular mechanisms at the level of the brain. Unable to directly study brain tissues in patients affected by psychiatric conditions, researchers have created alternative experimental models that use different and easy to collect tissues. The underlying assumption is that by studying these "proxy" tissues, it is possible to obtain information on biological mechanisms that is a good approximation of what would be detected in the brain. One of the most established experimental models are lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from B-lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are present in the peripheral blood and can be easily collected and stored virtually forever after undergoing a special laboratory procedure that immortalize them. These cell lines have proved to be very useful in genetic and pharmacogenetic research and, using these, the investigators want to investigate the cellular effects of a mood stabilizing drug called lithium on this specific procedure that makes them virtually immortal. Two main reasons lead us to study this drug: 1) it is the most effective treatment in bipolar disorder, where approximately 30% of patients achieve complete illness remission with prevention of episode recurrence; 2) it has well established regulatory effects on the expression of specific target genes and proteins. The investigators can take advantage of these well-established properties of lithium in regulating the expression of genes, proteins, and enzymes in a stable manner. Conversely, these biological measures could be used as markers for the effects of lithium on the gene expression. The purpose of this study is to learn more about the changes in the activity of genes in cells sampled from healthy individuals treated with lithium. By studying these cellular changes, the investigators hope to understand if lymphoblastoid cell lines are valid tools in psychiatric genetics research. Specifically, the investigators want to see how specially treated lymphoblastoid cell lines are influenced by external conditions and specifically lithium treatment at the moment of sampling. To do so, the investigators will measure the gene expression (i.e. how much gene is in the cell) of lymphoblastoid cell lines and compare the levels between those sampled before and after one month of lithium treatment.