View clinical trials related to Drug Abuse.
Filter by:Background: - Environmental cues frequently induce expectancies in individuals that may strongly influence the actual experience associated with the cue. This has both positive and negative consequences for behavior and decision making. For instance, when an addicted individual experiences cues associated with imminent drug taking, an expectancy of the coming experience is also formed and very likely has an effect on the subsequent experience of the drug. - Researchers are interested in studying how the brain responds to these kinds of environmental cues and expectancies in order to learn more about addiction and craving in substance-abusing individuals. Objectives: - To compare the response to rewards (both drug-related and non-drug-related) in cocaine users and non-using individuals. - To study the effect of expectation on reward-related (both drug-induced and non-drug-induced) responses and brain activity in cocaine users and non-using individuals. Eligibility: -Individuals between 18 and 45 years of age who are regular cocaine users but otherwise healthy, or healthy individuals who are not cocaine users. Design: - This study involves two experiments. Participants will be assigned to one or both experiments. - Participants must not use any drugs for at least 3 days before the visit, may not consume alcohol for 24 hours before the visit, and may not consume caffeinated beverages for 12 hours before the visit. On the day of the visit, participants will provide both urine and breath samples to test for drug/alcohol use. - Experiment 1: In the MRI scanner, participants will respond to questions and images on a screen, and will receive small amounts of flavored liquid (chocolate or cherry) through a tube in the mouth. - Experiment 2: In the MRI scanner, participants will respond to questions and images on a screen, and will receive injections of liquid (saline solution or a drug that provides a high similar to cocaine) through an intravenous line. Participants in this experiment will return for follow-up visits and provide urine samples for further study. - The specific assignment (to Experiment 1 or Experiment 2 or both experiments) will determine the number of study days and follow-up visits required.
Background: - Cocaine affects the brain's ability to process information. However, different people respond to cocaine in different ways, and differences in brain structure and function may affect how cocaine alters brain activity. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor brain activity during tasks that provide simple rewards, researchers hope to better understand how the brain responds to rewards and how this response is affected by drugs like cocaine. Objectives: - To determine the effect of cocaine administration on the reward experience in cocaine-dependent individuals. - To study genetic and personality factors that may contribute to cocaine dependence. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 45 years of age who either are cocaine-dependent and not seeking treatment or are healthy volunteers. Design: - Participants will be asked to avoid consuming alcohol and restrict consumption of caffeine prior to the study. Participants provide urine and breath samples to be tested for chemicals that may interfere with the study. - All participants will complete a training session and at least one fMRI scanning session. During the training session, participants will be introduced to the reward tasks and MRI equipment. - Healthy volunteers will have a single fMRI session that will involve reward tasks to be completed during the scanning. Rewards will include small amounts of fruit juice and the opportunity to win money. - Cocaine-dependent participants will have a training session and three experimental sessions including 1) a mock MRI scan to test cocaine tolerance, 2) one fMRI scan with reward tasks after administration of IV cocaine, and 3) one fMRI scan with reward tasks after administration of IV placebo (saline solution). Rewards will include small amounts of fruit juice and the opportunity to win money. - In addition to the scans, participants will provide a blood sample for further study and will answer questionnaires provided by the researchers.
Background: - New research on genetics and the human genome has helped to identify certain genes that affect specific parts of the brain, including the parts that may be involved in drug use and dependency. Researchers are interested in studying both genetic information and brain activity to better understand variations in brain function among individuals. Objectives: - To study brain activity in conjunction with specific genetic information provided by healthy volunteers including smokers, non-smokers, people with drug dependence, and those who do not have any dependence on any substance. Eligibility: - Healthy volunteers between 18 and 50 years of age. Design: - This is an 8 10 hour study which may be completed in 1, 2, or 3 visits. - Participants will complete questionnaires about emotional and psychological responses to different situations, including stressful situations. - Participants will have a training session in a mock (fake) scanner to practice tasks to be completed in the real scanner. - Participants will have the following two types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in one scan session of the brain: - A structural MRI scan to provide basic information about each participant's brain. - A functional MRI scanning session, in which participants will perform a memory task to provide information about brain activity. - Participants will provide blood samples for research and testing....
Background: - Recent research has suggested that prenatal exposure to drugs may affect specific brain processes, including working memory, stress response, and decision making. However, most of the research on the effects of prenatal drug exposure in humans has been conducted early in life, and very little is known about effects of prenatal drug exposure during the crucial brain development period that takes place during puberty and adolescence. The biological and psychological changes associated with puberty may increase adolescents' sensitivity to prenatal substance exposure. Researchers are interested in using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans to study brain function and learn more about the effects of prenatal drug exposure on adolescents. Objectives: - To examine the effects of prenatal substance exposure on working memory, decision making, and normal brain activity in adolescents. Eligibility: - Adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age who are enrolled in a larger follow-up study of children exposed to drugs in utero. Design: - The study will involve a single outpatient session with two fMRI scans that will test working memory and decision-making processes. - Participants will have brief medical history, a physical examination, and a urine test for drugs of abuse. - Participants will then be trained on the working memory and decision-making tasks before having an initial MRI scan to provide a baseline reading. - The fMRI scans will take 40 to 45 minutes each, and participants will have break in between as needed.
The purpose of the project is to improve adolescent behavioral counseling services in healthcare settings with a new Internet/Intranet-based Motivational Enhancement Therapy (iMET) intervention that targets the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether disulfiram might be a safe and effective treatment for cocaine and/or alcohol dependence in patients with HIV disease. This research is designed to characterize the presence or absence of significant drug interactions between disulfiram and HIV medications using standard clinical pharmacology techniques as well as monitor any side effects that might occur when these medications are administered together.
The objective of this study is to test whether screening and brief intervention for drug use among primary care patients leads to improved drug-related outcomes (such as decreased drug use and consequences).
This study explores whether giving families a choice of family-based prevention programs to prevent adolescent alcohol use will make a difference in program recruitment, retention, completion, as well as adolescent outcomes. Half of the families are assigned to a traditional random control trial condition and half are assigned to a choice condition. Further, this effectiveness study is being implemented by Kaiser Permanente Health Care system, and explores the issues of implementing such programs within such settings.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the abuse potential of lorcaserin in healthy recreational polydrug users.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a behavioral treatment, contingency management, in reducing stimulant use in persons with serious mental illness.