Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices in Hospitalized Veterans With Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Clinical Trial

Official title:

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Insulin Treated Hospitalized Veterans With DM2 at Higher Risk for Hypoglycemia

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03508934
• Other study ID #: ENDA-022-17F
• Secondary ID: CX001825-01
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: July 1, 2018
• Est. completion date: July 11, 2025

Study information

• Verified date: June 2024
• Source: VA Office of Research and Development
• Contact: Ilias Spanakis, MD
• Phone: (410) 605-7000
• Email: Ilias.Spanakis[@]va.gov
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

More than 25% of the patients admitted in the general wards have a history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Up to 30% of the hospitalized diabetics develop hypoglycemia (low glucose values); a condition that is associated with seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and even death. In Veterans, the prevalence is disproportionally higher. It is estimated that 40-50% of hospitalized Veterans are diabetics. In this clinical trial the investigators describe the development of a novel system, the Glucose Telemetry System (GTS), with which glucose values can be wirelessly transmitted from the patient's bedside to a monitor device at the nursing station. The goal of this work is to develop a more effective glucose surveillance system at the general wards, which can decrease hypoglycemia in the hospital and improve clinical outcomes.

Description:

More than 25% of patients admitted to general wards/non Intensive Care Unit (non-ICU) setting have a history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM); and as for 2012, $125 billion dollars were costs associated with hospitalization of diabetics in the United States (US). Up to 30% of the hospitalized diabetics develop hypoglycemia, a condition that is associated with higher hospital charges, prolonged length of stay, and increased morbidity and mortality.

Reducing hypoglycemic events in the inpatient setting has led hospitals to develop hypoglycemia prevention policies; policies which are however limited by the infrequent Point of Care (POC) capillary blood glucose testing in the general wards. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices represent additional ways to monitor blood glucose levels. Only a limited number of studies have examined the use of CGM devices in the non-ICU setting. In all these studies, CGM use was found to be superior compared to POC in hypoglycemia detection. However, as the results of CGM were blinded (alarms were turned off) for both the investigators and the participants, interventions to prevent hypoglycemia were not performed. Additionally, one major limitation of CGM technology is that CGM receiver/monitor needs to be located in the patient's room, due to Bluetooth Technology signal-strength restrictions, necessitating nurses to enter frequently the patient's room in order to check CGM glucose values. In the current application, the investigators are going to evaluate whether an innovative system that the investigators call "Glucose Telemetry System" (GTS) can decrease hypoglycemia and improve clinical outcomes in hospitalized Veterans with DM2.

Discovering novel ways to monitor glucose values in the hospital setting could have a significant impact in preventing hypoglycemia in the inpatient setting- a condition that is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The investigators believe that this proposal is highly innovative. The trial may lead to future wider use of CGM in hospitalized patients with DM who are at a higher risk for hypoglycemia, similar to the way that the investigators use cardiac telemetry for patients who are at an increased risk for developing arrhythmias.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 244
• Est. completion date: July 11, 2025
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 21 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Veterans with history of DM2 managed with insulin (either basal bolus, basal only or basal with per os DM medications), admitted to the Baltimore VA Medical Center, who have at

• least 1 risk factor of hypoglycemia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Veterans with history of type 1 DM.

• Veterans with history of DM2 managed with diet or any combination of oral antidiabetic drugs only.

• Veterans hospitalized with significant hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis

• Pregnant Veterans

• Veterans receiving glucocorticosteroids in doses (equivalent) to 20 mg of hydrocortisone/day

• Veterans that are expected to require a hospital stay <3 days will also be excluded

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Hypoglycemia

Intervention

Device:
• GTS (Continuous Glucose Monitoring)
Hospitalized patients with DM2 will be monitored with Glucose Telemetry System (GTS)

Other:
• POC (Point of Care)
Hospitalized patients with DM2 will be monitored with POC (Point of Care) blood glucose levels.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Baltimore VA Medical Center VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD	Baltimore	Maryland

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
VA Office of Research and Development

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (17)

Ash GI, Griggs S, Nally LM, Stults-Kolehmainen M, Jeon S, Brandt C, Gulanski BI, Spanakis EK, Baker JS, Whittemore R, Weinzimer SA, Fucito LM. Evaluation of Web-Based and In-Person Methods to Recruit Adults With Type 1 Diabetes for a Mobile Exercise Intervention: Prospective Observational Study. JMIR Diabetes. 2021 Jul 8;6(3):e28309. doi: 10.2196/28309. — View Citation

Chen E, King F, Kohn MA, Spanakis EK, Breton M, Klonoff DC. A Review of Predictive Low Glucose Suspend and Its Effectiveness in Preventing Nocturnal Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Oct;21(10):602-609. doi: 10.1089/dia.2019.0119. — View Citation

Davis GM, Spanakis EK, Migdal AL, Singh LG, Albury B, Urrutia MA, Zamudio-Coronado KW, Scott WH, Doerfler R, Lizama S, Satyarengga M, Munir K, Galindo RJ, Vellanki P, Cardona S, Pasquel FJ, Peng L, Umpierrez GE. Accuracy of Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-Critically Ill Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jul;44(7):1641-1646. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2856. Epub 2021 Jun 7. — View Citation

Galindo RJ, Aleppo G, Klonoff DC, Spanakis EK, Agarwal S, Vellanki P, Olson DE, Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, Pasquel FJ. Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Hospital: Emergent Considerations for Remote Glucose Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Jul;14(4):822-832. doi: 10.1177/1932296820932903. Epub 2020 Jun 14. — View Citation

Galindo RJ, Umpierrez GE, Rushakoff RJ, Basu A, Lohnes S, Nichols JH, Spanakis EK, Espinoza J, Palermo NE, Awadjie DG, Bak L, Buckingham B, Cook CB, Freckmann G, Heinemann L, Hovorka R, Mathioudakis N, Newman T, O'Neal DN, Rickert M, Sacks DB, Seley JJ, Wallia A, Shang T, Zhang JY, Han J, Klonoff DC. Continuous Glucose Monitors and Automated Insulin Dosing Systems in the Hospital Consensus Guideline. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Nov;14(6):1035-1064. doi: 10.1177/1932296820954163. Epub 2020 Sep 28. — View Citation

Migdal AL, Spanakis EK, Galindo RJ, Davis G, Singh LG, Satyarengga M, Scott WH, Fayfman M, Pasquel FJ, Albury B, Urrutia M, Zamudio Coronado KW, Cardona S, Peng L, Umpierrez GE. Accuracy and Precision of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients Undergoing Radiology Procedures. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Nov;14(6):1135-1136. doi: 10.1177/1932296820930038. Epub 2020 Jun 1. No abstract available. — View Citation

Ngaage LM, Osadebey EN, Tullie STE, Elegbede A, Rada EM, Spanakis EK, Goldberg N, Slezak S, Rasko YM. An Update on Measures of Preoperative Glycemic Control. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019 May 16;7(5):e2240. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002240. eCollection 2019 May. — View Citation

Nguyen KT, Xu NY, Zhang JY, Shang T, Basu A, Bergenstal RM, Castorino K, Chen KY, Kerr D, Koliwad SK, Laffel LM, Mathioudakis N, Midyett LK, Miller JD, Nichols JH, Pasquel FJ, Prahalad P, Prausnitz MR, Seley JJ, Sherr JL, Spanakis EK, Umpierrez GE, Wallia A, Klonoff DC. Continuous Ketone Monitoring Consensus Report 2021. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022 May;16(3):689-715. doi: 10.1177/19322968211042656. Epub 2021 Oct 4. — View Citation

Nguyen M, Han J, Spanakis EK, Kovatchev BP, Klonoff DC. A Review of Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Based Composite Metrics for Glycemic Control. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020 Aug;22(8):613-622. doi: 10.1089/dia.2019.0434. Epub 2020 Mar 4. — View Citation

Satyarengga M, Siddiqui T, Spanakis EK. Designing the Glucose Telemetry for Hospital Management: From Bedside to the Nursing Station. Curr Diab Rep. 2018 Aug 29;18(10):87. doi: 10.1007/s11892-018-1067-4. — View Citation

Singh LG, Satyarengga M, Marcano I, Scott WH, Pinault LF, Feng Z, Sorkin JD, Umpierrez GE, Spanakis EK. Reducing Inpatient Hypoglycemia in the General Wards Using Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring: The Glucose Telemetry System, a Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. 2020 Nov;43(11):2736-2743. doi: 10.2337/dc20-0840. Epub 2020 Aug 5. — View Citation

Spanakis EK, Singh LG, Siddiqui T, Sorkin JD, Notas G, Magee MF, Fink JC, Zhan M, Umpierrez GE. Association of glucose variability at the last day of hospitalization with 30-day readmission in adults with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020 May;8(1):e000990. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000990. — View Citation

Spanakis EK, Yoo A, Ajayi ON, Siddiqui T, Khan MM, Seliger SL, Klonoff DC, Feng Z, Sorkin JD. Excess Mortality in COVID-19-Positive Versus COVID-19-Negative Inpatients With Diabetes: A Nationwide Study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Sep;44(9):e169-e170. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2350. Epub 2021 Jul 7. No abstract available. — View Citation

Spanakis EK. Diabetes and Technology in the Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021 Mar;15(2):377-378. doi: 10.1177/1932296820929385. Epub 2020 May 27. No abstract available. — View Citation

Umpierrez G, Rushakoff R, Seley JJ, Zhang JY, Shang T, Han J, Spanakis EK, Alexanian S, Drincic A, Kulasa K, Mendez CE, Tanton D, Wallia A, Zilbermint M, Klonoff DC. Hospital Diabetes Meeting 2020. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Sep;14(5):928-944. doi: 10.1177/1932296820939626. Epub 2020 Aug 12. — View Citation

Wang M, Singh LG, Spanakis EK. Advancing the Use of CGM Devices in a Non-ICU Setting. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2019 Jul;13(4):674-681. doi: 10.1177/1932296818821094. Epub 2019 Jan 13. — View Citation

Zhang JY, Shang T, Ahn D, Chen K, Cote G, Espinoza J, Mendez CE, Spanakis EK, Thompson B, Wallia A, Wisk LE, Kerr D, Klonoff DC. How to Best Protect People With Diabetes From the Impact of SARS-CoV-2: Report of the International COVID-19 and Diabetes Summit. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021 Mar;15(2):478-514. doi: 10.1177/1932296820978399. Epub 2021 Jan 21. — View Citation

* Note: There are 17 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Decrease in hypoglycemia during the hospitalization	GTS and the application of the hypoglycemia prevention protocol will lead to a decrease in hypoglycemia in the hospital	Through study completion-hospitalization (average length of stay at the hospital of 4-6 days)