Walnut Consumption and Diabetes Risk

Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Trial

Official title:

Association Between Walnut Consumption and Diabetes Risk in NHANES May be Gender Sex Specific

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03224533
• Other study ID #: WALNUT6DIABETES
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: July 15, 2017
• Last updated: July 19, 2017
• Start date: June 1, 2015
• Est. completion date: May 30, 2017

Study information

• Verified date: July 2017
• Source: University of California, Los Angeles
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Multiple NHANES surveys were combined and weighted to evaluate relationships between walnut consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus using various independent measures of diabetes status and risk. After risks were ascertained, interactions with gender were analyzed.

Description:

Background. Dietary interventions and cohort studies of tree nuts lowering glucose levels for diabetes suggest a possible effect with walnuts. Objective. To examine the associations between walnut consumption and diabetes risk through data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods. NHANES survey data for 1999 through 2014 was pooled for adults with 24 hour recall dietary data. Risk of diabetes was based on self-report, medication use, fasting plasma glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Individuals were characterized as reporting consumption of walnuts, mixed 'nuts', or no nuts.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 34121
• Est. completion date: May 30, 2017
• Est. primary completion date: May 30, 2017
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 80 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• NHANES data from 1999-2014 with food recalls and dietary food intake

Exclusion Criteria:

• not having data on either day of the 24-hour food intake

• individuals who consumed peanuts, but not other nuts on the day of recall, were excluded from the analysis

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention

Diagnostic Test:
• Diabetes Outcome
based on self report definition, fasting plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University of California Los Angeles	Los Angeles	California

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of California, Los Angeles	California Walnut Commission

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (15)

Brennan AM, Sweeney LL, Liu X, Mantzoros CS. Walnut consumption increases satiation but has no effect on insulin resistance or the metabolic profile over a 4-day period. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jun;18(6):1176-82. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.409. Epub 2009 Nov 12. — View Citation

Bullard KM, Ali MK, Imperatore G, Geiss LS, Saydah SH, Albu JB, Cowie CC, Sohler N, Albright A, Gregg EW. Receipt of Glucose Testing and Performance of Two US Diabetes Screening Guidelines, 2007-2012. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 30;10(4):e0125249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125249. eCollection 2015. — View Citation

Guo F, Moellering DR, Garvey WT. Use of HbA1c for diagnoses of diabetes and prediabetes: comparison with diagnoses based on fasting and 2-hr glucose values and effects of gender, race, and age. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014 Jun;12(5):258-68. doi: 10.1089/met.2013.0128. Epub 2014 Feb 10. — View Citation

Guo K, Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Li W, Li Y. Meta-analysis of prospective studies on the effects of nut consumption on hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes. 2015 Mar;7(2):202-12. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12173. Epub 2014 Jul 29. — View Citation

Kalgaonkar S, Almario RU, Gurusinghe D, Garamendi EM, Buchan W, Kim K, Karakas SE. Differential effects of walnuts vs almonds on improving metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Mar;65(3):386-93. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.266. Epub 2010 Dec 15. — View Citation

Katz DL, Davidhi A, Ma Y, Kavak Y, Bifulco L, Njike VY. Effects of walnuts on endothelial function in overweight adults with visceral obesity: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2012 Dec;31(6):415-23. — View Citation

Luo C, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Shan Z, Chen S, Yu M, Hu FB, Liu L. Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):256-69. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076109. Epub 2014 May 21. Review. — View Citation

Ma Y, Njike VY, Millet J, Dutta S, Doughty K, Treu JA, Katz DL. Effects of walnut consumption on endothelial function in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb;33(2):227-32. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1156. Epub 2009 Oct 30. — View Citation

Moravej H, Salehi A, Razavi Z, Moein MR, Etemadfard H, Karami F, Ghahremani F. Chemical Composition and the Effect of Walnut Hydrosol on Glycemic Control of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan 30;14(1):e34726. doi: 10.5812/ijem.34726. eCollection 2016 Jan. — View Citation

Mukuddem-Petersen J, Stonehouse Oosthuizen W, Jerling JC, Hanekom SM, White Z. Effects of a high walnut and high cashew nut diet on selected markers of the metabolic syndrome: a controlled feeding trial. Br J Nutr. 2007 Jun;97(6):1144-53. Epub 2007 Mar 7. — View Citation

Pan A, Sun Q, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Walnut consumption is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women. J Nutr. 2013 Apr;143(4):512-8. doi: 10.3945/jn.112.172171. Epub 2013 Feb 20. — View Citation

Tapsell LC, Batterham MJ, Teuss G, Tan SY, Dalton S, Quick CJ, Gillen LJ, Charlton KE. Long-term effects of increased dietary polyunsaturated fat from walnuts on metabolic parameters in type II diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;63(8):1008-15. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.19. Epub 2009 Apr 8. — View Citation

Tapsell LC, Gillen LJ, Patch CS, Batterham M, Owen A, Baré M, Kennedy M. Including walnuts in a low-fat/modified-fat diet improves HDL cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratios in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004 Dec;27(12):2777-83. — View Citation

Wu L, Piotrowski K, Rau T, Waldmann E, Broedl UC, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Stark RG, Nagel JM, Mantzoros CS, Parhofer KG. Walnut-enriched diet reduces fasting non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in healthy Caucasian subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over clinical trial. Metabolism. 2014 Mar;63(3):382-91. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.005. Epub 2013 Nov 12. — View Citation

Zhou D, Yu H, He F, Reilly KH, Zhang J, Li S, Zhang T, Wang B, Ding Y, Xi B. Nut consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease risk and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):270-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.079152. Epub 2014 May 7. Review. — View Citation

* Note: There are 15 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Diabetes Outcome- self report	Based on self-report as told by a doctor	1999-2014
Primary	Diabetes Outcome- Fasting Plasma Glucose	Based on FPG levels	1999-2014
Primary	Diabetes Outcome- Hemoglobin A1c	Based on HbA1c levels	1999-2014
Primary	Diabetes Outcome- Combined Definition	Based on both FPG and HbA1c levels	1999-2014
Secondary	Sex Interaction	based on the previously stated definition outcomes	1999-2014