The Health of Competitive Fitness Athletes

Depression Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Health of Competitive Fitness Athletes, a Cohort Study of Female Fitness Athletes and Physical Active Control's During and After Three Months of Fitness Contest Dieting

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03007459
• Other study ID #: 3281
• Status: Completed
• First received: December 24, 2016
• Last updated: March 28, 2018
• Start date: November 2016
• Est. completion date: December 2017

Study information

• Verified date: March 2018
• Source: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Fitness athletes emphasize the value of staying lean, muscular and defined, and motivates and inspires followers through social media. We want to study the effect of such lifestyle on selected aspects of psychological and physical health in female fitness athletes, and compare the outcomes to a healthy, physically active female population.

Description:

Little is known about the mental and physical health effect from following the modern, idealized fitness lifestyle. The lifestyle is characterized by selective and restrictive eating behavior, strength training and use of supplements. The athletes emphasize the value of staying lean, muscular and defined, and motivates and inspires followers through social media. This study will recruit and observe a group of competitive female fitness athletes over their typical 3 month dieting period when preparing for contest. Before their contest diet is initiated, the athletes will be screened on selected aspects of psychological and physical health. The screening is repeated two weeks prior to their first seasonal contest, and then finally one month post-contest season. During the diet period of 3 months, the athletes answers brief questionnaires by email on eating- and training behavior and on mood, while also reporting dietary intake by telephone interview.

Recreational physically females, not planning to do any fitness contest, will be recruited to serve as a parallel control group. They will perform the same physical and psychological screening, and answer the same questionnaires throughout the fitness contest diet period.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 47
• Est. completion date: December 2017
• Est. primary completion date: November 2017
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 40 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Fitness athletes: planning to compete in fitness sport during spring or fall 2017

• Controls: being regular physically active (exercise >2 times/week during last year) with a BMI between 17,5-30

Exclusion Criteria:

• Controls: having competed in fitness sports previously or planning to do in the future, or working as a personal trainer.

• Not able to meet at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences for baseline and follow up screenings.

• Being pregnant or nursing

• Metabolic related diseases

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Amenorrhea
• Binge Eating
• Binge-Eating Disorder
• Body Image
• Bone Mineral Density, Low, Susceptibility to
• Bulimia
• Depression
• Dietary Amenorrhea
• Dietary Deficiency
• Disease Susceptibility
• Eating Disorder
• Exercise Addiction
• Exercise-Related Amenorrhea
• Feeding and Eating Disorders
• Malnutrition
• Perfectionism
• Resting Metabolic Rate

Intervention

Other:
• Psychological health
Observing and measuring baseline, and changes in, psychological health through a fitness contest preparation period
• Physiological health
Observing and measuring baseline, and changes in, physiological health through a fitness contest preparation period

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Norway	Norwegian School of Sports Sciences	Oslo

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences	National Dairy Council

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Norway, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Body composition	Baseline values, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from mid- to post-test, for lean body mass and fat mass, measured with Dual Xray absorptiometry (DXA)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Resting Metabolic Rate	Baseline values, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from mid- to posttest, for resting metabolic rate, measured with indirect calorimetry	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Bone Mineral Density	Baseline values, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from mid- to post-test, for bone mineral density measured with Dual Xray absorptiometry (DXA)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Perfectionism	Comparing scores on perfectionism between case and controls, and individual changes in scores through study period, with Child Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS 22 items)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Depression	Baseline values, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from mid- to post-test, for scores on depressive mood, measured with Becks Depression Inventory (BDI)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Eating disorders	Baseline values, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from mid- to post-test, for scores on Eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-q)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Eating behavior; binge eating	Baseline values, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from mid- to post-test, for scores on Binge Eating Scale (BES)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Eating behavior; restrictive eating and sensation of hunger	Baseline values, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from mid- to post-test, for scores on Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-21)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Menstrual Status, self-reported	Baseline status, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from mid- to post-test, for self-reported menstruation health (Low Energy Availability in Females questionnaire, LEAF)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Dietary intake, weighed diet registration	Change in dietary intake. Baseline status, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from pre- to post-test, evaluated with weighed dietary registration and analysed with national analytical software (Kostholdsplanleggeren.no)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Exercise dependency	Baseline status, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from pre- to post-test, evaluated with Exercise Dependency Scale (EDS)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Reason for Exercise	Baseline status, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from pre- to post-test, evaluated with Reason for Exercise Inventory (REI)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Depression	Changes in reported state of depression during the dieting period of fitness athletes, measured with BDI	Each 2nd week during the 3 month contest dieting period (between pre-test and mid-test)
Secondary	Dietary intake, 24-hour recall interview	Changes in energy and nutrient intake during the dieting period of fitness athletes, measured with dietary 24-hour recall interview and analysed with national analytical software (Kostholdsplanleggeren.no)	Each 2nd week during the 3 month contest dieting period (between pre-test and mid-test)
Secondary	Menstrual cycle, self reported	Self reported menstrual bleeding's during the dieting period of fitness athletes (LEAF)	Each 2nd week during the 3 month contest dieting period (between pre-test and mid-test)
Secondary	Eating disordered behavior	Changes in eating behavior during the dieting period of fitness athletes, measured with the behavioral aspects of EDE-q	Each 2nd week during the 3 month contest dieting period (between pre-test and mid-test)
Secondary	Eating behavior; binge eating behavior	Changes in eating behavior during the dieting period of fitness athletes, measured with BES	Each 2nd week during the 3 month contest dieting period (between pre-test and mid-test)
Secondary	Eating behavior; restrictive eating and sensation of hunger	Changes in eating behavior during the dieting period of fitness athletes, measured with TFEQ-21	Each 2nd week during the 3 month contest dieting period (between pre-test and mid-test)
Secondary	Training volume, self reported	Reporting number of training sessions pr week and type of exercise (endurance related exercise or strength training)	Each 2nd week during the 3 month contest dieting period (between pre-test and mid-test)
Secondary	Training history, self reported	Reporting experience with training, giving details on specific sport activity and typical intensity	Retrospective
Secondary	Dietary Supplements	Reporting usage of dietary supplements during the dieting period	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest), and each 2nd week during the 3 month contest dieting period (between pre-test and mid-test)
Secondary	Eating disorders, history	Reporting previous eating disorder and whether treatment were recieved or not	Retrospective
Secondary	Drive for Muscularity	Baseline status, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from pre- to post-test, evaluated with Drive for Muscularity (DM) (McCreary & Sasse 2000)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Drive for Leanness	Baseline status, change from pre-test to mid-test, and finally change from pre- to post-test, evaluated with Drive for Leanness (DL) (Smolak & Murnen 2008)	Pre-test (3 months before contest), mid-test (2 weeks before contest) and post-test (one month post-contest)
Secondary	Body Weight, history	Reporting lowest and highest bodyweight after 18 yr's of age (excluding periods of pregnancy)	Retrospective