Deprescribing Potentially Inappropriate Medications in the Emergency Department for Persons Living With Dementia

Dementia Clinical Trial

— IMPACT  

Official title:

Deprescribing Potentially Inappropriate Medications in the Emergency Department for Persons Living With Dementia

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06273917
• Other study ID #: FY23_Pilot2_Dresden
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: March 1, 2024
• Est. completion date: January 1, 2025

Study information

• Verified date: February 2024
• Source: National Institute on Aging (NIA)
• Contact: Scott Dresden, Dr.
• Phone: 312-926-6494
• Email: s-dresden[@]northwestern.edu
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Aim 1: To demonstrate the feasibility by determining proportion of completed medication reconciliation, Central Nervous System active Potentially Inappropriate Medication (CNS PIM) use among patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in the emergency department (ED), and communication between ED clinical pharmacists and outpatient prescribers.

Aim 2: To demonstrate the feasibility of collecting the primary and secondary outcomes for a subsequent study. The future primary outcome will be reduction in CNS PIMs 90 days after an ED visit. Secondary outcomes will include outpatient follow-up, repeat ED visits, and hospitalizations during the 90 days following an ED visit.

Aim 3: To demonstrate the acceptability of the PRIDE intervention to outpatient clinicians using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure and qualitative analysis of responses.

Description:

This is an embedded pragmatic clinical trial (ePCT) of the Pharmacist Reconciliation of Inappropriate medications and Deprescribing in the Emergency department (PRIDE) intervention which will be implemented as standard care for all community-dwelling adults (age 18+) in the ED with prior outpatient visits within the Northwestern Medicine (NM) healthcare system who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) as clinical pharmacist availability allows. The PRIDE program did not exist prior to the initiation of this study. PRIDE is in the process of being implemented at all three hospitals and will continue beyond the end of the research study.

This study will take place at 3 hospital emergency departments within the Northwestern Medicine (NM) Healthcare System. Community-dwelling adults (age 18+) in the ED with prior outpatient visits within the NM system and a history of dementia or mild cognitive impairment recorded in the NM EHR will be eligible for the study.

The primary outcome is the number and percent of patients taking central nervous system potentially inappropriate medications (CNS PIMs) who have documented communication of pharmacist's recommendations for deprescribing on the day of the ED visit. The key secondary outcome is the number and percent of patients with ADRD or MCI in the ED who have documented medication reconciliation by the clinical pharmacist on the day of the ED visit.

Pharmacists present in the ED will perform medication reconciliation for eligible patients. This will be done to demonstrate the feasibility of the PRIDE intervention in the ED for patients with ADRD and MCI. Patients eligible for medication reconciliation will be enrolled in Aim 2 of the study.

Outpatient prescribers of these patients who are discharged from the ED will be contacted by the ED pharmacist on the date of ED discharge and will receive a medication report including fill data 90-100 days after the ED visit.

At the completion of the study, the outpatient clinicians will also receive a questionnaire about the acceptability of the PRIDE program including the Acceptability of Intervention Measure to complete electronically.

Community-dwelling adults (age 18+) in the ED with prior outpatient visits within the NM system and a history of dementia or mild cognitive impairment recorded in the NM EHR will be eligible for inclusion. We will include 290 patients across 3 sites to have medication reconciliation conducted by the clinical pharmacist. Patients who were previously prescribed CNS PIMs will have deprescribing recommendations communicated by the clinical pharmacist to the outpatient prescriber.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 290
• Est. completion date: January 1, 2025
• Est. primary completion date: October 1, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 120 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Community dwelling

• 18 years of age or older

• History of dementia or mild cognitive impairment in the problem list in the NM EHR. A history of mild cognitive impairment will be identified using the ICD-10 code G31.84 (mild cognitive impairment) or ICD-10 codes suggestive of ADRD as described in the Bynum-standard algorithm: F01.50-F01.51 (vascular dementia), F02.80-F02.81 (dementia), F03.90-F03.91 (unspecified dementia), F04 (amnestic disorder), G30.0/30.1/30.8/G30.9 (Alzheimer's disease), G31.01 (Pick's disease), G31.09 (frontotemporal dementia), G31.83 (dementia with Lewy bodies), G31.1 (senile degeneration), G31.2 (degeneration of nervous system), R41.81 (age-related cognitive decline).

• Able to participate in medication reconciliation as determined by the pharmacist per usual care OR a care partner with knowledge of the patient's current medications is present in the ED or is available by phone.

• Has had prior outpatient care performed at Northwestern Medicine location(s)

• Arrives to the emergency department between 7am and 7pm, Monday-Friday

Exclusion Criteria:

• Emergency Severity Index (ESI) of 1 (critical)

• ICU consult placed in the ED

• Reside in nursing facility or assisted living facility

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Dementia
• Emergencies

Intervention

Other:
• PRIDE
Pharmacists present in the ED will perform medication reconciliation for eligible patients. This will be done to demonstrate the feasibility of the PRIDE intervention in the ED for patients with ADRD and MCI. Patients eligible for medication reconciliation will be enrolled in Aim 2 of the study. Outpatient prescribers of these patients who are discharged from the ED will be contacted by the ED pharmacist on the date of ED discharge and will receive a medication report including fill data 90-100 days after the ED visit. At the completion of the study, the outpatient clinicians will also receive a questionnaire about the acceptability of the PRIDE program including the Acceptability of Intervention Measure to complete electronically.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Northwestern Memorial Hospital	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Northwestern Medicine Lake Forest Hospital	Lake Forest	Illinois
United States	Northwestern Medicine Palos Hospital	Palos Heights	Illinois

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Institute on Aging (NIA)	Brown University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (20)

Allore HG, Gnjidic D, Skanderson M, Han L. Association Between Potentially Inappropriate Medications and 30-Day Post-Hospital Discharge Outcomes in US Veterans. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 Mar;56(3):256-263. doi: 10.1177/10600280211032072. Epub 2021 Jul 20. — View Citation

Bayliss EA, Shetterly SM, Drace ML, Norton JD, Maiyani M, Gleason KS, Sawyer JK, Weffald LA, Green AR, Reeve E, Maciejewski ML, Sheehan OC, Wolff JL, Kraus C, Boyd CM. Deprescribing Education vs Usual Care for Patients With Cognitive Impairment and Primary Care Clinicians: The OPTIMIZE Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 May 1;182(5):534-542. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.0502. — View Citation

By the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria(R) Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria(R) for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Apr;67(4):674-694. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15767. Epub 2019 Jan 29. — View Citation

Carpenter CR, Bromley M, Caterino JM, Chun A, Gerson LW, Greenspan J, Hwang U, John DP, Lyons WL, Platts-Mills TF, Mortensen B, Ragsdale L, Rosenberg M, Wilber S; ACEP Geriatric Emergency Medicine Section; American Geriatrics Society; Emergency Nurses Association; Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Academy of Geriatric Emergency Medicine. Optimal older adult emergency care: introducing multidisciplinary geriatric emergency department guidelines from the American College of Emergency Physicians, American Geriatrics Society, Emergency Nurses Association, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Jul;62(7):1360-3. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12883. Epub 2014 Jun 2. — View Citation

Dresden SM, Hwang U, Garrido MM, Sze J, Kang R, Vargas-Torres C, Courtney DM, Loo G, Rosenberg M, Richardson L. Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations: The Impact of Transitional Care Nurses on 30-day Readmissions for Older Adults. Acad Emerg Med. 2020 Jan;27(1):43-53. doi: 10.1111/acem.13880. Epub 2019 Dec 1. — View Citation

Gettel CJ, Falvey JR, Gifford A, Hoang L, Christensen LA, Hwang U, Shah MN; GEAR 2.0-ADC Network. Emergency Department Care Transitions for Patients With Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022 Aug;23(8):1313.e1-1313.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.01.076. Epub 2022 Mar 2. — View Citation

Han JH, Wilber ST. Altered mental status in older patients in the emergency department. Clin Geriatr Med. 2013 Feb;29(1):101-36. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2012.09.005. — View Citation

Harrison SL, Cations M, Jessop T, Hilmer SN, Sawan M, Brodaty H. Approaches to Deprescribing Psychotropic Medications for Changed Behaviours in Long-Term Care Residents Living with Dementia. Drugs Aging. 2019 Feb;36(2):125-136. doi: 10.1007/s40266-018-0623-6. — View Citation

Hebert LE, Weuve J, Scherr PA, Evans DA. Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 census. Neurology. 2013 May 7;80(19):1778-83. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828726f5. Epub 2013 Feb 6. — View Citation

Houlind MB, Andersen AL, Treldal C, Jorgensen LM, Kannegaard PN, Castillo LS, Christensen LD, Tavenier J, Rasmussen LJH, Ankarfeldt MZ, Andersen O, Petersen J. A Collaborative Medication Review Including Deprescribing for Older Patients in an Emergency Department: A Longitudinal Feasibility Study. J Clin Med. 2020 Jan 27;9(2):348. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020348. — View Citation

Hunt LJ, Coombs LA, Stephens CE. Emergency Department Use by Community-Dwelling Individuals With Dementia in the United States: An Integrative Review. J Gerontol Nurs. 2018 Mar 1;44(3):23-30. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20171206-01. Epub 2018 Jan 23. — View Citation

Hwang U, Dresden SM, Rosenberg MS, Garrido MM, Loo G, Sze J, Gravenor S, Courtney DM, Kang R, Zhu CW, Vargas-Torres C, Grudzen CR, Richardson LD; GEDI WISE Investigators. Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations: Transitional Care Nurses and Hospital Use. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Mar;66(3):459-466. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15235. Epub 2018 Jan 10. — View Citation

Hwang U, Dresden SM, Vargas-Torres C, Kang R, Garrido MM, Loo G, Sze J, Cruz D, Richardson LD, Adams J, Aldeen A, Baumlin KM, Courtney DM, Gravenor S, Grudzen CR, Nimo G, Zhu CW; Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations in Care Through Workforce, Informatics, and Structural Enhancement (GEDI WISE) Investigators. Association of a Geriatric Emergency Department Innovation Program With Cost Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Mar 1;4(3):e2037334. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37334. Erratum In: JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Mar 1;4(3):e217149. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jun 1;4(6):e2117178. — View Citation

Kent T, Lesser A, Israni J, Hwang U, Carpenter C, Ko KJ. 30-Day Emergency Department Revisit Rates among Older Adults with Documented Dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Nov;67(11):2254-2259. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16114. Epub 2019 Aug 12. — View Citation

LaMantia MA, Stump TE, Messina FC, Miller DK, Callahan CM. Emergency Department Use Among Older Adults With Dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2016 Jan-Mar;30(1):35-40. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000118. — View Citation

Martinez AI, Abner EL, Jicha GA, Rigsby DN, Eckmann LC, Huffmyer MJ, Moga DC. One-Year Evaluation of a Targeted Medication Therapy Management Intervention for Older Adults. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2020 Apr;26(4):520-528. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.4.520. — View Citation

McCarthy EP, Chang CH, Tilton N, Kabeto MU, Langa KM, Bynum JPW. Validation of Claims Algorithms to Identify Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2022 Jun 1;77(6):1261-1271. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glab373. — View Citation

Southerland LT, Lo AX, Biese K, Arendts G, Banerjee J, Hwang U, Dresden S, Argento V, Kennedy M, Shenvi CL, Carpenter CR. Concepts in Practice: Geriatric Emergency Departments. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Feb;75(2):162-170. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.430. Epub 2019 Nov 13. — View Citation

Weiner BJ, Lewis CC, Stanick C, Powell BJ, Dorsey CN, Clary AS, Boynton MH, Halko H. Psychometric assessment of three newly developed implementation outcome measures. Implement Sci. 2017 Aug 29;12(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s13012-017-0635-3. — View Citation

Wilchesky M, Mueller G, Morin M, Marcotte M, Voyer P, Aubin M, Carmichael PH, Champoux N, Monette J, Giguere A, Durand P, Verreault R, Arcand M, Kroger E. The OptimaMed intervention to reduce inappropriate medications in nursing home residents with severe dementia: results from a quasi-experimental feasibility pilot study. BMC Geriatr. 2018 Sep 4;18(1):204. doi: 10.1186/s12877-018-0895-z. — View Citation

* Note: There are 20 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Pharmacist communication of deprescribing recommendation	This will be determined if the ED pharmacist sends an electronic message through the EHR to the outpatient prescriber with de-prescribing recommendations for patients who are taking CNS PIMs. This will be performed on Day 0 in the Emergency Department.	24 hours
Secondary	Medication reconciliation	This will be determined if the ED pharmacist enters a medication reconciliation document into the EHR. This will occur on Day 0 in the ED.	24 hours
Secondary	Medication supply of CNS PIMs	this will be determined through outpatient pharmacy records at day 90. Medication supply will be calculated using dose, frequency, and quantity data through SureScripts.	90 days
Secondary	Outpatient follow up	the number and frequency of outpatient visits to the outpatient prescriber who received the deprescribing recommendation from day 1-90 as determined through the EHR after day 90.	90 days
Secondary	Repeat Emergency Department visits	any ED visit which occurs within the Northwestern Medicine system from day 1-90 as determined through the EHR after day 90.	90 days