Dementia — Deprescribing Potentially Inappropriate Medications in the Emergency Department for Persons Living With Dementia
Citation(s)
Allore HG, Gnjidic D, Skanderson M, Han L Association Between Potentially Inappropriate Medications and 30-Day Post-Hospital Discharge Outcomes in US Veterans. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 Mar;56(3):256-263. doi: 10.1177/10600280211032072. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
Han JH, Wilber ST Altered mental status in older patients in the emergency department. Clin Geriatr Med. 2013 Feb;29(1):101-36. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2012.09.005.
Harrison SL, Cations M, Jessop T, Hilmer SN, Sawan M, Brodaty H Approaches to Deprescribing Psychotropic Medications for Changed Behaviours in Long-Term Care Residents Living with Dementia. Drugs Aging. 2019 Feb;36(2):125-136. doi: 10.1007/s40266-018-0623-6.
Hebert LE, Weuve J, Scherr PA, Evans DA Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 census. Neurology. 2013 May 7;80(19):1778-83. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828726f5. Epub 2013 Feb 6.
Hunt LJ, Coombs LA, Stephens CE Emergency Department Use by Community-Dwelling Individuals With Dementia in the United States: An Integrative Review. J Gerontol Nurs. 2018 Mar 1;44(3):23-30. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20171206-01. Epub 2018 Jan 23.
Kent T, Lesser A, Israni J, Hwang U, Carpenter C, Ko KJ 30-Day Emergency Department Revisit Rates among Older Adults with Documented Dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Nov;67(11):2254-2259. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16114. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
