View clinical trials related to Craving.
Filter by:To evaluate the added value of Sophrology on the intensity of craving during cigarette withdrawal.
The investigators wish to test the hypothesis that transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) (i.e., 4-minutes of 810nm near-infrared light at 250 mW/cm2 by LED to the forehead at F3 or F4 versus an indistinguishable placebo treatment) can safely reduce opioid craving in individuals with opioid dependence in a within-patient study.
Since the 80's, the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled and despite progression of knowledge, interventions usually lead to a transient reduction in body weight that is not maintained in the long-term. These failures in weight management may be partly explained by an incomplete understanding of obesity risk and maintaining factors. Behavioral and neurobiological similarities between use of high palatable foods and addictive psychoactive drugs have led to the concept of food addiction. Addiction is defined as a loss of control of use, and its persistence despite accumulation of negative consequences. Craving, an uncontrollable and involuntary urge to use, has shown to be a core determinant of persistent use and relapse in addiction. Recent studies have established that food addiction, craving and emotional eating concern a large part of obese patients, and that food addiction may explain some negative outcomes of weight loss treatments, such as unsuccessful attempts to reduce calories and early termination of treatment programs. Recent advances in neuropsychiatry suggest that an imbalanced interplay between cognitive and affective processes impedes self-control and enhances over- or under-controlled behaviors. In the field of food intake and weight management, there is increasing evidence that besides environmental factors, inefficient executive functions and emotion regulation skills are salient phenomena underlying habit-forming processes that are present in eating disorder subtypes as well as obesity. This has led some authors to consider disordered eating behaviors as 'allostatic' reactions by which the modulation of food intake is used by vulnerable individuals to adjust to craving, maladaptive cognitive and/or emotional strategies. Current recommendations emphasize the need for translating these discoveries into treatments to promote healthy eating and weight management. Over the last 5 years, a growing base of clinical and behavioural studies have indicated that, individually, Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Emotional Skills Training (EST), and Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) are promising techniques to decrease disordered eating behaviors, including craving. The investigators hypothesize that addition to treatment as usual (TAU) of a specific program targeting executive functions, emotional regulation, and addictive-like eating behaviors, could have a beneficial impact on reported food craving, and improve weight management among obese patients.
The study design consists of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low dose endotoxin. The low dose endotoxin challenge induces a transient systemic inflammatory response with normalization of cytokine levels within hours. This "phasic" inflammation is distinct from chronic ("tonic") levels of inflammation that may be present with AUD. A total of 38 non-treatment seeking heavy drinking men and women and 38 light drinking healthy controls will participate in the study. Recruitment will be monitored to ensure the two groups are matched by gender. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned, stratified by gender and BDI-II severity, to receive a single I.V. infusion of either low dose endotoxin (0.8 ng/kg of body weight) or placebo (same volume of 0.9% saline solution) at the UCLA Outpatient Clinical and Translational Research Center (CTRC). All participants will complete an alcohol cue-exposure paradigm and reward responsiveness assessment 2 hours post infusion, which is the time of expected peak cytokine response. All participants will also complete an fMRI alcohol cue-reactivity paradigm at 3 hours post infusion. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines [i.e., Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α)], mood, and alcohol craving, will be assessed at baseline and then hourly for four hours post infusion.
The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of the NSS-2 BRIDGE device in reducing the signs and symptoms of acute opioid withdrawal when compared to placebo.
Cigarette smoking constitutes the greatest preventable cause of mortality and morbidity in the US. The most critical period for long term success of smoking cessation appears to be in the first 7 days after the quit date. A metaanalysis of 3 pharmacotherapy trials revealed that abstinence during the first 7 days was the strongest predictor of 6 month outcomes (n=1649; Odds ratio: 1.4, P <0.0001; Ashare et al. 2013). Prodigious relapse rates during this first week of smoking cessation are likely due to behavioral and neurobiological factors that contribute to high cue-associated craving and low executive control over smoking. The long term goal of the research is to develop evidence-based transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols to facilitate abstinence during this critical period.
There is growing interest in the utilization of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a novel, non-pharmacologic approach to decreasing alcohol use among treatment-seeking individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The results of this study will be used to determine which of the 2 proposed TMS strategies has a larger effect on drinking behavior (% days abstinent, % heavy drinking days) as well as alcohol cue-reactivity in a 4 month period. These data will pave the way for TMS to be used as an innovative, new treatment option for individuals with AUD.
This study will evaluate the effects of retrieval-extinction (R-E) training on responding to high calorie foods including self-report craving, physiological responding, and high calorie food intake in adults with overweight/obesity. R-E training aims to update the memories that associate cues (i.e., high calorie food) with reward (i.e., consumption). R-E training involves "retrieving" these cue-reward associative memories through brief presentation of relevant cues, resulting in instability of the memories and providing an opportunity to be updated via reconsolidation. Presenting relevant cues while not allowing consumption (i.e., extinction training) during reconsolidation can modify the unstable cue-reward memories, resulting in lasting reductions of craving and intake. This study will be the first to test the effects of R-E training on craving for and intake of high calorie foods in humans. To examine the effects of R-E training on food craving, physiological response (heart rate, skin conductance, salivation), and food intake, 150 adults with overweight/obesity will complete baseline food cue-reactivity and intake tasks in the lab. Participants will be randomized to observe high calorie food cues (i.e., "retrieval" of food cue-reward memories; R-E training group) or non-food cues (i.e., no retrieval of food cue-reward memories; extinction control group) and engage in 60 min of extinction training for high calorie foods. R-E/extinction control training will occur on two consecutive days and four follow-up food cue-reactivity sessions through 3 months. Weight will be assessed at each session and in-lab food intake at 1- and 3-months. Recent food/drink intake will also be assessed at each session. Some participants (n=75) will complete a pilot portion of the study involving real-world data collection of naturally-occurring food cues, craving, and food intake via smartphone. It is hypothesized that: (1) R-E training (vs. extinction control) will decrease high calorie food cue-reactivity (self-report craving, heart rate, skin conductance, salivation) and intake assessed in the lab, as well as self-report craving and food intake assessed in the real world; and (2) decreased high calorie food cue-reactivity will be a mechanism through which R-E training reduces high calorie food intake at follow-up. The Principal Investigator will explore associations between lab and real-world cue-elicited craving and food intake, and the effect of R-E training on weight.
In the current proposal, the investigators will measure behavioral and brain responses following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (anode on right DLPFC, cathode on the left DLPFC) delivered during cognitive control network (CCN) priming. Participants with opioid dependence, in the first month of prescribed buprenorphine or methadone, will be assessed twice using functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) and electroencephalographic (EEG), once prior to tDCS+CCN priming and again at the completion of 5 sessions of tDCS+CCN priming (one week later). Task-based and resting state functional connectivity will be used to examine networks associated with craving (CR) and cognitive control. In Phase 1, FMRI and EEG will provide validation of expected changes in these networks following tDCS stimulation of the DLPFC.
In this feasibility study the investigators are using a setup of stress-related body sensors including established as well as innovative sensor-based measures to identify predictor profiles for alcohol-related behavioral and neural measures in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Long-term aim is the definition of a setup of mobile sensors and their integration in a mobile infrastructure that allows the prediction of stress related alcohol intake in an ambulatory setting.