There are about 25435 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in United Kingdom. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
This is an observational trial that will look at patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in patients with oesophageal cancer and to determine the proportion of cases in which EUS changes disease management in these patients.
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) form the main adipose tissue subtypes in humans and several animals. BAT, owing to its unique metabolic function, has been of increased focus and interest in metabolic research (1). BAT forms the major organ of non-shivering thermogenesis in the body, and is dependent on the large concentration of mitochondria and increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activity present in this type of tissue (2). There are numerous triggers for the metabolic activation of BAT including cold temperature, low body mass index (BMI), adrenergic agonists, and elevated concentration of thyroid hormones (3). BAT is found more abundantly in fetuses and infants, with significant regression into adulthood. The main areas where BAT can be found are the neck, mediastinum, axilla, retroperitoneum, and abdominal wall (4). Clinical research suggests that activation and thermogenesis in BAT are mediated by noradrenaline release from the sympathetic nervous system (5). With the increasing use of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) imaging, there has been an increased detection rate of activated brown adipose tissue (aBAT); this may affect diagnoses and lead to false-positive reporting (6). Phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs) are chromaffin-cell-derived endocrine tumors that emerge from the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal ganglia. High FDG accumulation has been commonly noted in aBAT in patients with catecholamine-producing tumours, with subsequent resolution of these findings after resection of the tumour (7). This finding is likely related to the increased glucose transport related to noradrenaline excess (4). BAT has traditionally been considered to mainly express β3-adrenoreceptors; however, in vitro studies have indicated that activated β2-adrenoreceptors may be the main driving force behind thermogenesis (8). Studies reviewing PPGLs have shown an aBAT detection rate of 7.8% to 42.8% on FDG-PET imaging, correlating with elevated catecholamine levels but without clear correlation to germline mutations (9-12). In one study, this imaging finding was associated with a statistically significant reduction in overall survival (12). Standardisation for the 'standardised uptake value' (SUV) cut-offs for aBAT on FDG-PET are lacking, but these are often reported between 1.0 and 2.0 (13); in previous studies of PPGL, a cut-off value of >1.5 has been employed (10, 12). Research on the clinical implications of aBAT in patients with PPGL remains scarce. The main objectives of this study were to gain further insights into BAT activation rates in patients with PPGLs and how this may relate to patient demographics, biochemistry, radiological features, mutational status, and outcomes. The main hypotheses were that aBAT rates would be significantly linked to the severity of catecholamine excess and could be considered a poor prognostic feature.
Hip fractures are a major cause litigation in patients undergoing trauma surgery. Common causes of litigation in hip operations are alleged incompetent surgery and development of pressure sources, both of which are associated with poor quality of consent. One aspect of poor consent is patients not being able to retain information discussed with them prior to their operation. There are many factors attributed to this, including pain in the acute setting, administration of sedating medications and the high rate of delirium in this patient cohort. However, even in individuals deemed to have capacity during the consent process, studies have shown that many were unable to explain what type of surgery they had or express knowledge of the potential complications. Importantly, the hip fracture patient demographic is very different from patients undergoing a planned procedure, in that they have had an acute injury following physical trauma, tend to be older and medically frailer. Research into the recall of patients undergoing gynaecological or abdominal surgeries further corroborate patients' poor recall of potential complications in the acute setting. Patients with hip fractures face a range of risks, some of which can result in a substantial mortality rate regardless of whether surgery is performed. The list of complications includes infections in the hip joint and wound, development of pressure sores, occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), myocardial infarction, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and potential procedural failures. As such, the ability of patients to remember the discussed complications is critical to their well-being and overall quality of life and remains an unmet clinical need.
The goal of the study is to assess how tirzepatide impacts bodyweight and cardiovascular risk factors when used in conjunction with healthy nutrition and physical activity in adolescents with obesity and multiple weight related comorbidities. The study will last approximately 76 weeks and may include up to 23 visits.
This study aims to compare the short-term clinical performance of the two study contact lenses.
Research aim: To determine how an online mindful-compassion intervention adjunct with cannabis suppositories might reduce anal pain during sexual intimacy among men who have sex with men. Outcomes are also hoped to increase sexual functioning, well-being and sexual self-efficacy. Research intention: If the combined mindful compassion and cannabis suppository intervention reduces anal pain and supports sexual and general well-being, then this research would be repeated on a larger scale targeting psychosexual services. A brief overview of the intervention: Anal pain is pain experienced in the anus during anal penetration with a penis or other objects. Most research on anal pain during sexual intimacy has centred on men who have sex with men. Mindfulness has been anecdotally discussed in reducing symptoms of anal pain in men who have sex with men. A novel approach to pain management includes medical cannabis, which can be cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol or both. Anal suppositories do not create a euphoric high in the same way as oral use, including inhalation. Quantitatively, randomisation will be based on whether participants use cannabis suppositories or not. This study does not randomise to cannabis groups owing to the legalities in the United Kingdom. Participants included fifty-two consenting participants. Of these, thirty-three were using cannabis suppositories. The intervention was delivered for one month, and the follow-up was at twelve weeks. Qualitatively, participants were asked approximately eight open-ended feedback questions throughout the study.
The goal of this pilot and feasibility study is to is to test the feasibility of conducting a cross-sectional study on adiposity and cardiometabolic and neurocognitive risk factors at Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (KCH). The main aim is to assess and compare anthropometric measurements of adiposity (weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR), Neck circumference (NC)), liver fat (hepatic steatosis and fibrosis), cardiometabolic risk factors (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension) and neurocognitive risk factors among participants, according to their ethnic background. Participants will come at KCH for one visit and will have their anthropometric measurements and cardio-metabolic profile assessed. They will also perform questionnaires on lifestyle, socio-economic status and neuro-cognitive health during their visit.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect on airway inflammation and JAK1-associated signalling pathways of AZD4604 compared with placebo in participants with moderate-to-severe asthma. Study details include: - The study duration for each participant will be approximately 10 weeks. - The duration of IMP administration will be approximately 4 weeks.
The Barts Endocarditis Research Registry is being set up to give a unique opportunity to assess the characteristics of Infective Endocarditis (IE) in our population cohort, the current use of imaging techniques, as well as the implementation of the ESC guidelines and its consequence in terms of prognosis. All this will help improve the diagnosis and management of IE. The registry will also form the core of all our subsequent work, including interventional studies. The endocarditis research registry is to record the epidemiological, demographic, microbiological, surgical and outcome data in our cohort of endocarditis patients. This work will underpin all future work in endocarditis by clearly defining our patient cohort and the outcomes from treatment. We have a series of studies planned that we believe will influence the management of endocarditis (we are working up proposals for genomic and therapeutic trials that will subsequently be presented for ethical and hospital approval). The registry will be generic to all our planned studies, and will allow us to capture data to assess treatment effectiveness
The goal of this observational study is to learn about how screening tests inform the radial artery (RA) suitability for harvesting and coronary bypass grafting in adults with ischaemic heart disease. The main question it aims to answer is: • What factors influence the diagnostic accuracy of RA screening in patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularisation? Participants will: - Receive an assessment of their RA through routinely used techniques (Modified Allen Test +/- pulse-oximetry, Barbeau Test and Ultrasound examination) - Answer a symptoms scale about their physical experience after surgery