There are about 65 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Bolivia. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
Background: - Research has shown that the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene is an important target for personalized lung cancer treatment. Individuals who have mutations in the EGFR gene have better responses when treated with certain personalized or targeted therapies compared with conventional chemotherapy. These mutations are more frequent in females with lung cancer who have never smoked, and different ethnic groups have different levels of frequency of the mutations. Researchers are interested in collecting more information on EGFR genetic mutations in Hispanics/Latinos with lung cancer, comparing the frequency of these mutations in males and females and smokers and nonsmokers. This study may lead to better, more personalized care approaches for all individuals with lung cancer. Objectives: - To study the frequency of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mutations in Hispanic/Latino individuals who have been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. Eligibility: - Hispanic or Latino individuals who have been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and who have lung tissue from a previous biopsy or surgery available for research purposes. Design: - Participants will provide consent for researchers to examine lung tissue collected from a previous biopsy or surgery. - Treatment will not be provided as part of this protocol.
Diseases associated with chronic hypoxemia like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or emphysema, represent major medical and socio-economical problems and one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western countries. Recently, is has been shown that cardiovascular (CV) diseases contribute highly to the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggest that systemic vascular dysfunction play a central role in the mediation of the increased CV risk in patients with COPD. However the underlying mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in these patients are incompletely understood. Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is characterized by chronic hypoxemia related at least in part to hypoventilation; it affects relatively young adults, and may therefore allow to study the effects of chronic hypoxemia. The investigators therefore will assess systemic vascular function and test the hypothesis that increased oxidative stress is responsible for this dysfunction. Since polyglobulia is a hallmark of chronic hypoxemia and has been suggested to affect vascular function, the investigators will test the effects of hemodilution on vascular function. Then, the investigators will test the effects of acute oxygen application and 1 month antioxidative dietary supplement on vascular function. Preliminary data suggest that offspring of CMS patients may display pulmonary and systemic vascular dysfunction. Antioxidant administration is know to improve vascular function. We will test the acute effect of Vitamin C in this setting. Finally, since there is considerable inter-individual variability of pulmonary artery pressure among CMS patients and the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO)is increased in clinical conditions associated with pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia, we will assess the prevalence of PFO in healthy high altitude dwellers and in CMS patients and its effects on pulmonary artery pressure at rest and during mild exercise.
The objective of this study is to obtain a better understanding of the spectrum of use of mechanical ventilation in intensive care units: 1. Main analysis: To know the all-cause mortality rate in mechanically ventilated patients 2. Secondary analyses: - To know the current status of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit and determine the number and percentage of patients who are admitted to an intensive care unit and require mechanical ventilation. - To compare the results with prior data collected in previous observational studies (1998 and 2004) - Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation - Weaning - Use of adjuvant therapies as steroids or selective digestive decontamination - Sedation including prevalence of delirium in mechanically ventilated patients - Prediction of the duration of mechanical ventilation - Other
People who survive severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) live with profound cognitive impairments that alter their developmental course and define their future possibilities. Worldwide, TBI is the leading cause of death and disability among children and adolescents (Murgio, 2000). In the United States, the annual incidence of TBI is six times greater than that of multiple sclerosis, HIV/AIDS, spinal cord injury, and breast cancer combined [Centers for Disease Control, American Cancer Society, National Multiple Sclerosis Society]. The burden of TBI may be even greater in developing countries, due to civil unrest and war, and to the absence of mandated prevention such as seat belt laws. The long-term objective of the investigators' research group is to improve outcomes for survivors of TBI in Latin America. To that end, the investigators have created a structure for professionals and institutions involved in the treatment of TBI to generate research; to facilitate education, standardization, certification, the dissemination of information and resources; and to foster the development of evidence-based guidelines. The structure is the Latin American Brain Injury Consortium (LABIC).
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of the device "Nit-Occlud® PDA-R" in the percutaneous closure of patent ductus.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of probiotics in rotavirus acute diarrhea in children. The investigators will compare the effect of two different probiotics products.
The importance of waterborne gastrointestinal illness throughout the developing world, the existence of a cheap and effective intervention (SODIS), the concurrent limited dissemination program for SODIS, the need for a controlled evaluation of the effectiveness of SODIS under actual field conditions, and the experience of our tri-national collaborative research team in successfully conducting large scale drinking water intervention and observational studies in both the United States and the developing world encourage us to propose the following randomized controlled trial in which our specific aims are to: - Evaluate the hypothesis that SODIS reduces the incidence of gastrointestinal illness in 660 children under the age of five years in rural Bolivia that are randomly selected from 22 villages ; - Define, through an extensive microbiologic testing component, the baseline rates of pathogen-specific diarrheal illnesses and the pathogens responsible for the differences in diarrheal illness between active and control groups; - Document the actual use and acceptance of SODIS by participants in the study; - Assess the cost-effectiveness of SODIS and the social and economic impact of SODIS at household level; - Examine through mathematical disease modelling the effects of the presence of multiple transmission pathways within a village on the preventable fraction estimate due to the introduction of SODIS.
Nitazoxanide has proved an cytoprotective effect against rotavirus infection. How it could be clinically important in time of hospitalization and reduction of duration of diarrhea secondary to rotavirus?
The combination of a half-course of miltefosine and a half-course of antimony will be evaluated for efficacy and tolerance. The combination of miltefosine and antimony is chosen because these are now the two standard agents in Bolivia, and in vitro the combination was additive to mildly synergistic against a standard leishmania strain.
The Standard Days Method® is a fertility awareness-based method of family planning in which users avoid unprotected intercourse during cycle day 8 through 19. The method is most appropriate for women with cycles that usually range 26-32 days. The clinical trial tested the contraceptive efficacy of the Standard Days Method. A total of 478 women, age 18-39 years, in Bolivia, Peru, and the Philippines, with self-reported cycles of 26-32 days, desiring to delay pregnancy at least one year were admitted to the study and followed for up to 13 cycles of method use.