View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:A prospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin in Solid Organ Transplant (SOT) recipients (heart, lung, kidney, liver, kidney-pancreas, and pancreas) with a first-episode of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
This randomized phase II trial studies how well carrageenan-containing gel (vaginal gel) works in reducing the rate of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in healthy participants. Carrageenans, which are naturally derived from seaweed, are enhancements to natural lubrication and may be effective in blocking HPV infection.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy for treatment of persistent CMV infection in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients.
The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of two rapid diagnostic tests in plasma, venipuncture whole blood, and fingerstick whole blood. The clinical performance of Multiplo HBc/HIV/HCV will be determined by comparing the results with patient infected status for HIV-1/2 (human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2), HBV (hepatitis B virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus). The clinical performance of Reveal HBsAg will be determined by comparing the results with patient infected status for HBV. Subject participation in the study will consist of a single one-hour visit, at which time blood samples will be drawn for testing with the investigational devices and with approved comparator assays. The test results, which are the outcome of the study, will be obtained only once, at the time of this visit.
The purpose of the study is to gather information on the use of Stimulan, the surgery, and anitbiotics to whetether the APPI has decreased or shown improvement when compared to study participants who did not receive Stimulan during their revision total knee replacement surgery.
Prospective trial which includes instillation of intravesical hyaluronic acid in an attempt to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections in patients after orthotopic neobladder reconstruction.
There are approximately 1.4 million cesarean deliveries in the United States each year, and an average of 1250 elective cesarean deliveries each year at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) in Boston, Massachusetts. Among cesarean deliveries performed at BWH, approximately 2% of patients are diagnosed with a surgical site infection (SSI). Because SSI is associated with significant morbidity and increased cost of care, numerous guidelines exist to guide preoperative administration of prophylactic antibiotics. However, there are no recommendations for the choice of antiseptic solution for prevention of SSI. Among the currently popular antisepsis preparations, chlorhexidine-alcohol (CA) is known to decrease SSI in non-obstetric surgeries. However, the time required for CA to dry (~ 3 min) to minimize flammability risk is disadvantageous in the setting of emergent cesarean delivery. Many institutions use povidone-iodine, another antisepsis preparation that does not require the mandatory drying time. Our randomized study aims to compare the incidence of SSI in patients receiving either CA or PI during elective cesarean delivery, and we hypothesize that CA would be associated with a lower incidence of SSI.
Background Women undergoing Caesarean Section (CS) have an increased risk of postpartum infections compared to women undergoing vaginal delivery. In Denmark the incidence of post-CS infections is 7-10%. The most common infections are endometritis, Urinary tract infections (UTI) and wound infections (WI). Prophylactic antibiotics are effective in preventing postoperative infections and national guidelines recommend that antibiotics should be administered as a single dose immediately before surgical incision. CS is an exception to this pre-incision administration approach. National guidelines recommend administration of antibiotics after umbilical cord clamping to avoid exposure of the child to antibiotics before birth. Recent studies of antibiotic prophylaxis for CS suggest that prophylactic antibiotics administered before incision compared to after umbilical cord clamping may reduce post-CS infections by up to 50%. Two Cochrane reviews from 2012 criticize these types of studies for lack of data for outcomes on the baby and on late infection in the mother. This study is a double-blinded randomized controlled trial with a concurrent Health Economic Assessment. The study will examine the effect of change in timing of prophylactic antibiotics on the rate of post-CS infections (endometritis, UTI and WI). The study will be performed at the obstetric departments at Odense University Hospital (OUH), Hvidovre Hospital (HH) and Hospital South West Jutland (HSWJ) in collaboration with the Department of Clinical Microbiology, OUH, to ensure that the most appropriate antibiotic regime is used. Furthermore, collaboration with a neonatologist will ensure appropriate assessment of neonatal outcome. The investigators plan to enroll the first patient at OUH February 2013. HH and HSWJ will follow with a couple of months delay. The inclusion period is scheduled to last until the investigators have 2844 participants, who have answered the questionnaire. The investigators expect to complete the inclusion period in October 2014 (last patient last visit, LPLV). Microbiological analyzes and data processing is expected to be completed one year after the LPLV. The study population is all women delivering a child by CS during the project period, at Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of OUH, HH and HSWJ. Objective: Investigate whether and by how much antibiotics administered 15-60 minutes before incision versus after umbilical cord clamping reduces the rate of postpartum infections in a Danish population of women undergoing CS. Hypothesis: Antibiotics administered pre-incision will result in fewer postoperative infections than antibiotics administered after the umbilical cord is cut. Hypothesis: Antibiotics administered before incision are cost-effective, compared to administration after umbilical cord clamping, measured by post-CS infection and as cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY).
This is a study to evaluate the efficacy of Ceftaroline in the treatment of bone and joint infections.
Some acute upper respiratory tract infection(AURI) in children is characterized by fever and vomiting,and it is one common reason for visiting a pediatrician. White blood count(WBC) usually increased in this children patients,hence antibiotics are often prescribed properly assumed. In the present study, it was hypothesized that it was not necessary to prescribe amoxicillin for the children.