View clinical trials related to Cognitive Change.
Filter by:As mortality from critical illness has reduced, the importance of measuring disabilities (cognitive, functional and psychological) in surviving critically ill patients has become more important. Currently, the causes, long-term effects and frequency of disabilities in patients surviving ICU in Australia are unknown. In the US and UK, studies have been undertaken to assess the effects of specific long-term outcomes, such as functional disability and depression, which found long-term disabilities were much higher than baselines (pre-illness function) and ongoing at five years after ICU discharge. In order to improve quality of life of ICU survivors and ensure that medical specialists apply appropriate interventions to reduce the cost of these surviving patients on the community, the PREDICT management committee proposes the introduction of a patient-reported outcomes registry.
Tulsi and its effects on facilitative cognitive enhancement through lowering levels of stress and anxiety. A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.
The study used a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of two interventions (dance and musical training) for typically developing children. Interventions were run for three weeks in local community locations. Participants were tested before and after the intervention on a battery of cognitive and behavioural measures. They were compared across groups, and to a control group who do not receive the intervention. The purpose of the current study was to assess the influence of dance and musical training on cognitive development. Research has indicated that musical training is associated with improve cognitive functioning, although the direction of such an association is unclear. Further, it is uncertain whether any benefits are specific to musical training or can also be demonstrated with other training activities. The current study used a randomized controlled trial to assess the causal effects of dance and musical training.
This study aims to improve the Clinical Decision Making (CDM) skills of a group of Myanmar physical therapists by series of educational workshops that will introduce them to and guide them through the decision making process by using the CDM workbook. Participants will be separated into two groups, CDM workshop group and CDM workbook group. There will be three time assessments; one pre-workshop/ workbook and two post-workshop/workbook assessments by using Clinical Decision Making (CDM) assessment worksheet.
This study will train participants (young people and older adults) to do a visual task, and will assess whether this results in changes in behavioral assessments. In some participants, we will be also testing whether MRI measures (cortical thickness, functional connectivity) change with training.
The Brain uses 20% of the total oxygen supply consumed by the entire body. Even though, less than 10% of the brain is active at every given time, the brain utilizes almost all the oxygen delivered. In order to perform different tasks or more than one task (multi-tasking), the oxygen supply is shifted from one brain region to another, via modulation of blood perfusion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) environment, with increased oxygen supply to the brain, will enable better performance of complex and/or multiple activities. Methods: a prospective, double blind randomized control, cross over trial including healthy volunteers. Participants were asked to perform a cognitive task, a motor task and a simultaneous cognitive-motor task (multi-tasking). Participants were randomized to perform the tasks at 2 environments: (a) normobaric air (1ATA 21% oxygen) (b) HBO (2ATA 100% oxygen). Two weeks later participants were crossed to the alternative environment. Blinding of the normobaric environment was achieved in the same chamber with masks on while hyperbaric sensation was simulated by increasing pressure in the first minute and gradually decreasing to normobaric environment prior to tasks performance.
Behavioural or cognitive flexibility (BF) is an essential ability which allows an organism to adaptively change responses in accordance with feedback of results. In humans, this ability is disrupted among those who suffer a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, addiction, obsessive compulsive disorder and autism. Additionally, there is evidence of substantial individual differences in BF within the healthy population. Two known neurobiological mechanisms which relate to BF performance are variation in dopamine (DA) and serotonin (SE) function. One particular brain regions which has been heavily implicated in BF is the prefrontal cortex (PFC), with the dorsolateral PFC receiving a largely DA innervation and the dorsomedial PFC a SE input. Studies have demonstrated that damage to parts of PFC including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), for example, impairs reversal learning (a form of BF) whereas lesions of the dorsolateral PFC affect attentional set-shifting (another measure of BF). In humans, putative augmentation of DA efflux via administration of the DA and norepinephrine precursor tyrosine has been shown to improve task-switching performance, and inhibitory control suggesting a causal role of DA in regulating BF. Similarly, putative depletion of serotonin neurotransmission via tryptophan depletion procedures has been shown to reduce the BOLD response during performance monitoring and increase perseverative behaviour. One important strategy (in humans) to observe whether the PFC is causally involved in BF performance, is by reversible electrical stimulation of the PFC, so that PFC cells could be inhibited or excited while a participant is performing a BF task. In recent years, several laboratories have taken advantage of a relatively new technology known as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to study the relationship between brain function and behaviour. Using this technique, increases or decreases in cortical excitability are partly determined by the polarity of the stimulation; increases occur under the anode electrode whereas decreases occur under the negatively charged cathode. Using this approach, several studies have shown that anodal and cathodal stimulation over the PFC can have a number of effects on BF performance, with general improvements during anodal stimulation and impairments during cathodal. If this is the case, one important step that remains to be understood is whether dopamine and serotonin are causally related to these outcomes when neurons of the dLPFC/dMPFC are either excited or inhibited via tDCS. Thus, the specific novelty of this study rests in combining a psychopharmacological approach (i.e. tyrosine/tryptophan loading) with selective neuroanatomical (i.e. dorsolateral/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex) inhibition of cells via tDCS while participants are performing BF tasks. By doing so, we will be able to establish whether increased dopaminergic/serotonergic output to the PFC is a necessary requirement for BF performance.
The BEST study will investigate the feasibility of cognitive interventions in a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. The investigators will recruit 45 cognitively normal subjects and engage them in one of three cohorts over an 8 week period, including active reading vs. origami study arms and a placebo group without structured cognitive intervention.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of the THINC-it tool, in measuring change in cognitive deficits in individuals with MDD after receiving vortioxetine.
Undernutrition and poor cognitive development affect many children under 5 in developing countries, who are exposed to multiple risk factors including poverty, malnutrition, poor health, and unstimulating home environments. The optimum development and growth of young children requires affection and responsiveness from the mother/caregiver, cognitive stimulation, good nutrition and infection control. In Bangladesh, stimulation at home is generally poor and contributes to children's poorer development. It is important to show that psychosocial stimulation programmes through home visits integrated into the feeding programmes can benefit children's growth and development. This study will help to fill this evidence gap about effective interventions to improve infant and young child growth and development in Bangladesh. Considering the high prevalence of undernutrition and low prevalence of stimulating environments in Bangladesh, it is important to show evidence that integrating infant feeding counselling and psychosocial stimulation activities result in optimum child growth & development. To determine if combined infant feeding counselling and psychosocial stimulation programme (promoting mothers positive parenting) starting in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, further improves: children's cognitive, motor and language development along with growth and mothers' child rearing and child-feeding knowledge and practices compared to peer counselling alone or usual health messages only. We used a community-based CRCT to examine the impact of a peer counselling infant feeding education program with psychosocial stimulation starting in the third trimester of pregnancy to one year after delivery, to improve child growth and cognition, language, behaviour and psychomotor development compared to a control group receiving usual health messages. The outcome assessments were made on a cohort of infant-mother dyads measured at baseline and at follow up visits. Outcome assessments were conducted with all the mother-infant pairs recruited in the community clusters in the study, with an expected total of 334 mother-infant dyads (167 in each treatment group).The main outcomes are children's growth, cognition, language, behaviour and psychomotor development