Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Alterations In a Sample of Egyptian Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases: A Hospital- Based Cross-Sectional Study

Cardiac Disease Clinical Trial

Official title:

Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Alterations In a Sample of Egyptian Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases: A Hospital- Based Cross-Sectional Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04511403
• Other study ID #: Mucosal changes
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Start date: September 2020
• Est. completion date: October 2022

Study information

• Verified date: August 2020
• Source: Cairo University
• Contact: Mohamed Mostafa Sleem, doctor
• Phone: 01067083315
• Email: mohammed.sleem[@]dentistry.cu.edu.eg
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

to assess the oral mucosal alterations and their prevalence secondary to use cardiovascular drugs in a sample of Egyptian population with cardiovascular diseases .

Description:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) still a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with the dramatic decrease in CVD in regions with very high sociodemographic index (SDI), but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions (Roth et al., 2017).

Statistics from the World Health Organization indicates that cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Egypt, accounting for 46% of total deaths ( Royal Philips,2018).

The mouth serves as "a mirror of health or disease, as a sentinel or early warning system, as an accessible model for the study of other tissues and organs, and as a potential source of pathology affecting other systems and organs (Dr. Shantala Arunkumar, 2013).

The oral cavity is considered as a window to the body because oral manifestations accompany many systemic diseases. In many instances, oral involvement first appears than other symptoms or lesions at other locations. These oral manifestations must be properly recognized if the patient is to receive appropriate diagnosis and referral for treatment (Mehrotra et al., 2010b).

People with cardiovascular disease and who are at high cardiovascular risk (due to the presence of one or more risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia or already established disease) need early detection and management using counselling and medicines, as appropriate(World Health Organization, 2013).

A great many cardiovascular drugs have adverse reactions in the mouth in the form of xerostomia, lichenoid reactions, burning mouth sensation, loss of taste sensation, gingival hyperplasia and bleeding(Arunkumar, 2013).

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of early death among people with diabetes. People with diabetes also suffer from hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and obesity, which contribute to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (Malik and Dwivedi, 2015).

CVDs are a leading cause of death worldwide including the Middle East. This is caused in part by the dysregulation of adipose tissue cause increasing in production of pro-inflammatory adipokines and reduction in cardio-protective adipokines such as adiponectin (Abu-Farha, Behbehani and Elkum, 2014).

Low- and middle-income countries are disproportionally affected: over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women. By 2030, almost 23.6 million people will die from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and stroke (WHO, 2015).

Medications used for management of hypertension cause oral alternation like Diuretics cause oral dryness, adrenergic inhibitors cause oral dryness and ulcerations, calcium antagonists cause overgrowth of gingiva while ACE inhibitors affect test sensation and lichenoid reactions of the oral mucosa (Mehrotra et al., 2010).

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 338
• Est. completion date: October 2022
• Est. primary completion date: September 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 65 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1-Patients >18-years-old. 2-Patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (Ivanuša, 2014). 3-patients taking cardiovascular drugs(Dr. Shantala Arunkumar, 2013).

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1- Patients not physically able to participate in survey or clinical oral examination.

2- Patients under immunosuppressive drugs. 3-Patients with dementia or confusion, severe illness. 4- patients who refuse to participate in the study. 5-patients with hormonal diseases like diabetes mellitus and others. 6-patients with conditions cause xerostomia like Sjogren's syndrome and any medical diseases other than cardiovascular diseases.

7-patients suffering from any medical diseases with aphthous ulcer and any other cause of xerostomia than cardiovascular diseases.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cardiac Disease
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Heart Diseases

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Cairo University

References & Publications (3)

Abu-Farha M, Behbehani K, Elkum N. Comprehensive analysis of circulating adipokines and hsCRP association with cardiovascular disease risk factors and metabolic syndrome in Arabs. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014 Apr 9;13:76. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-76. — View Citation

Habbab KM, Moles DR, Porter SR. Potential oral manifestations of cardiovascular drugs. Oral Dis. 2010 Nov;16(8):769-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01686.x. — View Citation

Jager DHJ, Bots CP, Forouzanfar T, Brand HS. Clinical oral dryness score: evaluation of a new screening method for oral dryness. Odontology. 2018 Oct;106(4):439-444. doi: 10.1007/s10266-018-0339-4. Epub 2018 Jan 22. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Oral mucosal manifestations as listed (Dr. Shantala Arunkumar, 2013)	Clinical examination according to WHO (World Health Organization, 2010) Oral mucosal manifestations as listed (Dr. Shantala Arunkumar, 2013) Clinical examination according to WHO (World Health Organization, 2010) Dichotomous outcome (Yes/No).	through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary	Periodontal condition.(Miranda et al., 2012)	Clinical examination with GO-index(Normal- Mild =2 -Moderate 2-4 mm- sever=4 mm)	through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary	Salivary glands function	Clinical oral dryness examination (Jager et al., 2018) in addition using Xerostomia questionnaire (Wiener et al., 2010)	through study completion, an average of 1 year